History 300A

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After Fall of Western half of Roman Empire in 5th Century, Roman Civ. was preserved @ new capital further east, CONSTANTINOPLE. Name of Eastern ROMAN EMPIRE is:

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Byzantium

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Which "barbarian" people controlled the area of modern-day Spain @ time of Muslim forces attacked?

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Visigoths

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What did the Moors bring to the Iberian Puninsula when they invaded in 711?

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Superior mathematics, and medical knowledge

Islam

Religious tolerance

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In Seville and Cordoba, Alcazar translation in this context is:

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Palace

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After about year 1000, Christian forces started fighting back against Moors - eventually pushing them out of Spain. This was:

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the Reconquista

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Islamic art from Iberian peninsula shows

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geometric designs and repeated patterns

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Inhabitants of the Rock of Gibraltar are:

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British

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ID Q: Identify Al-Andalus

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identify, contextualize, and significance

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The terms "middle ages," 'medieval" and "dark ages" were coined by scholars of Rennaisance, who saw little but darkness and stagnation between their own era and

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Greek and Roman Civilization

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Which of the following did NOT invade western and central Europe between 800-1050AD?

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Huns

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The "keep" of a medieval castle is

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interior fortified tower

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Fief?

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Agricultural land given to a knight in exchange for loyalty and military service

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Which is not true of first European universities, in high middle ages/

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WOMEN WERE NOT ALLOWED ADMITTANCE IN SOME UNIS such as Paris and Bologna

- they did have save degress

key subjects: law, med, theology,

universities were domain of church

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ID Q: Describe Romanesque (style in church building)

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A "boom" in building between 1000-1200 AD fostered the Romanesque style in church architecture based upon the Basilica style, which was fuelled by the prosperity, political stability and the growth the of the catholic church. Abbots and bishops supported the building of larger churches seen as "fortresses of God" housing massiveness and strength, reminding individuals of their insignificance in the world. This new style of architecture featured all stone with twin bell towers, thick walls and small windows, white-washed walls painted in light and bright colours filled with tapestries and gold and silver ornaments to catch light and remind individuals of the "heavenly light" above, as well as with a much more pronounced cross shape which featured a larger transept and nave. The size of the church also grew vertically with Roman-style "barrel vaults" adopted from Roman architectural patterns with each part of the church having own barrel vaults that would meet on the cross vault over the alter.

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What city did Renaissance start?

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Florence

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Renaissance emerged in Italian city states (before spreading north of Alps) because of their

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oligarchic political structure and wealth from trade

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Doge of Venice:

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executive head of gov.

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Which painters NOT associated w/ Renaissance

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Picasso

YES:

Michaelangelo

Titian

Belinni

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Problem of flooding in Venice has been exacerbated by:

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- higher tides caused by storms

- global warming

- Venice is sinking

- drawing water from deep underground for 20th century industrial use

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ID Renaissance

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Beginning in Florence, with the Medici family at its helm, the Renaissance lasted from 1400-1600 AD building strength on economic revival and administration through oligarchic city states. As Venice became an economic powerhouse from wealth and banking, the Renaissance founded a new art which had artists turning back to Greek and Roman sculptures and monuments for inspiration, new ingredients being used in oil painting, larger canvases, emphasizing layers of colour and venetian subject matter of luxury and sin. The Renaissance era utilized inland and port locations to capitalize on east-west trade, banking, shipbuilding, seafaring and commerce. Intellectual changes led to the reexamination of ancient texts, which stripped away mistranslation and restored texts of purity; fostering a shift towards a new way of critical thinking.

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England in 17th century was:

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a parliamentary monarchy

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Disaster that preceded Great Fire of London by one year

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Return of Black Death

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Destructive fires were endemic in early modern England because:

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firefighting techniquwere not effective

- buildings made of combustibal materials: wood

- everyone used fire for cooking, heating, light

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Christopher Wren was

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architect most associated w/ rebuilding London after fire

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Closest tube station to 1669 monument to Great Fire is

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Monument

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ID Q: Papists

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Identify, Context, Significance

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Crisis was Thomas Hobbes influenced by when sought to end chaos and promote government with his book, Leviathan, in 1651?

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the English Civil War and the execution of the king

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Which of the following is true about the palace of Versailles?

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It cost the equivalent of more than two billion dollars to buildit was built outside of Paris in order to distance the king from angry crowdsThe symmetry and order in the gardens symbolized Louis XIV's control over nature Its Hall of Mirrors was the site of the signing of the Treaty of Versailles in 1919The king and queen had separate bedrooms ALL TRUE

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So-called "absolute" monarchs in the 17th and 18th centuries sought to claim as much authority as possible, and extend control over various sectors, including economic policy, military spending, and the church. Louis XIV, for example, in order to prevent dissent and challenges to his authority, restricted:

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meeting of Estates General

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Which ruler is credited with having brought Russia out of its isolation from the West, encouraging the adoption of Western-style manners and culture, more efficient taxation and administrative systems, and growth and improvement in the army?

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Peter the Great

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ID Q: Sun King

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Louis XIV of France, also known as the Sun King, captured the image of the sun with many layers, symbolizing the glorification of a benevolent ruler who was founded upon absolute power. His tutor, Jacques Bossuet was also influential on Louis XIV as Bossuet had the idea that a king was chosen through divine appointment, which is reflected in Louis' mythological Greek fountains of Apollo in the gardens of his Palace of Versailles, as well as the Hall of Mirrors which captures the beauty of the natural world while enhancing it with the technical, man-made classical architecture: a grandeur matched for the gods. The image of the sun in the centre with its rays radiating outwards personifies the king at the centre of the universe with everything revolving around him and the rays of sun touching everything with his power. Lastly, Louis kept the nobles pleased by letting them hunt, gamble and feast, reflecting his "sun-like" quality of warmth and kindness towards those around him, which resulted in a successful recipe for true reciprocity.

4.5

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Give one example of a conscious reference to the Roman Empire, or appeal to the heritage of the classical era, in Revolutionary or Napoleonic France.

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Napoelon's "Arc de Triomphe" was a great example of neoclassicism that reflected the glory of Ancient Rome. Napoleon himself is wearing a toga, appealing to Ancient Roman attire. It's significance as a parade gateway to celebrate victories served as a triumphant ceremony, in which its design is inspired by the Roman Arch of Titus.

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Match up the following individuals with the country they were involved in unifying

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Otto von Bismarck - Germany

Garibaldi - Italy

Victor Emmanuel II - Italy

Giuseppe Mazzini - Italy

von Moltke - Germany

Wilhelm I - Germant

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Who initiated the building of the Arc de Triomphe in Paris?

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Napoleon

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Artists, musicians and authors of the Romantic era were inspired by

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emotion, folk traditions, colour and nature

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In different places in Europe, nationalism in the 19th century arose in response to

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the spread of the ideas of liberty and national self-determination from the French Revolution

resistance to French occupation during the revolutionary and Napoleonic eras

frustration caused by the Congress of Vienna

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Which German-speaking state led the process of unification for Germany?

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Prussia

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Which composer's name was used as a political slogan?

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Verdi

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Napoleonic soldiers broke the nose off the Sphinx with a cannonball.

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False

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Realist painters in the late 19th-century were inspired by

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hard-working lower classes

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Later modern art movements such as Cubism, Dadaism and Surrealism were inspired by

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critique of nationalist, bourgeois and capitalist pretensions that led to world war

revolt against cultural and intellectual conformity

a sense of despair and disillusionment with recent events in the 20th century

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The Art Nouveau decorative style, which was in vogue around the turn of the 20th century and was known by other names (such as Modernisme in Spain and Jugendstil in German-speaking Europe) attempted to reconcile urban spaces and practical objects with

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nature, especially flowers and plants

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Jean-Francois Millet

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Realism

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Van Gogh

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Post-impressionalism

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Picasso

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cubism

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Dali

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Surrealism

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ID Q: Monet

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Claude Monet was one of the pioneers in the Impressionist movement of the mid to late 19th century, a movement of art that wanted to capture the candid impression of a moment, which had impressionist artists venturing outdoors using oil paints (which were recently invented) and involved less mixing and less mess to achieve specific colours - in essence the key of impressionism was to work fast before the moment was over as the weather could alter, light could shift and colours could change. In Monet's "Impression at Sunrise," Monet uses the technique of wet on wet painting, piling colour to create a thick paste, to create a serene painting with few colours and a simple orange sunrise, and quick comma strokes that emphasize the colour of the water, in which the Salon (the official state-sponsored exhibition) rejected his piece and called it "wallpaper" which was sloppy, messy, and unfinished. In response, Monet banded with other artists who didn't believe in the creating faithful realism, as the invention of the camera could capture that faster and cheaply through mass-produced goods, to which the new group leading an art revolution were known as the Salon des Refuses that included other artists such as Renoir and Degas. In turn, the Impressionist movement inspired non-conformist artists who painted what they imagined was there during a fleeting moment, capturing scenes of contemporary life they believed were worthy and important, as Monet did in "Impression at Sunrise."

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The parade grounds where Hitler held Nazi rallies in the 1930s are located in

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Nurnburg

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The villages of Lidice (former Czechoslovakia) and Oradour-sur-Glane (France) are both known for

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being destroyed by Nazis

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The Resistance movement founded by future French President Charles de Gaulle was called

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Free French

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Check countries that were neutral during WWII

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I, C, S

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On D-Day, June 6, 1944, Allied soldiers including Canadians staged a massive assault

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Normandy, France

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ID Q: The Battle of Britain

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I, C, S

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What does the Schengen Agreement (1985) refer to?

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Border crossings and passport control

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If, in your travels, you went to visit the main seat of government of the European Union, where would you be?

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Brussels

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The European Economic Community (EEC) or Common Market, emerged from what previous economic arrangement?

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Coal and Steel Community

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Which state is the most recent addition to the European Union?

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Croatia