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182 Cards in this Set
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During this era -- the Archaic and the Woodland periods, 8,000-1,000 BCE and 1,000 BCE -1,000 CE respectively -- the peoples of the Americas began to domesticate plants,leading to one of the most importanttransformations in human history: thedevelopment of agriculture. In the Americas, it began in Mesoamerica,the area between Central Mexicoand Honduras. |
agricultural revolution |
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One of the earliest Southwest groups who emerged in the Four Corners area of the modern United States(Colorado, Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico) around 700-1300 CE. They arealso known as _________ because they are ancestors of the modernPueblo peoples. |
Anasazi (Ancient Puebloans) |
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What wasone of the most important items in the late Paleo-Indian tool kit? It was along, thin piece of wood with a notch at the end that was designed toreceive the end of a spear. It acted as an extension of the throwingarm, enabling the spear thrower to greatly increase the speed and range ofthe cast. |
Atlatl |
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This theoryposits that during the last ice age (approximately 50,000-10,000 BP, or years before the present), humanswere able to migrate from Siberia to Alaska, crossing over the land bridgebetween the continents that had been revealed by dropping sea levels asmassive glaciers formed all over the world. |
Bering Land Bridge theory |
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The largest and most important of these mound chiefdoms was ______ (ca 600-1400 CE) in southwestern Illinois,located just across the Mississippi River from St. Louis, Missouri. A walled complex made up of 120 mounds that housed perhaps asmany as 30,000 people, making it a very large city for its day. |
Cahokia |
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What was used to hunt megafauna, the giantanimals of the Pleistocene era, such as mammoth or mastodon? |
Clovis point |
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What peoples were longconsidered to be the first people to inhabit the Americas? |
Clovis people |
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What theory suggests that some peoples arrived in the Americas through following thecoast of land across Asia and the Bering Land Bridge, down the coast ofNorth America, all the way to South America? |
coastal migration theory |
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Was an action that demonstrated bravery and skill. After a battle, warriors returned to the settlement to recount their stories, or _________ Examples: - To touch a live enemy and live to tell about it (highest level) - Killing anenemy - Touching adead enemy |
count coup |
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What are spirit beings, representations of the life force withinall parts of the universe? They may represent a specific place or some aspectof nature: the sun, squash, and animals such as eagle or mountain lion.They may also represent an ancestor (or many ancestors), a historical event,or an idea, such as maidenhood. They are not worshipped, per se, butare spiritual forces that can use their power to benefit the population. |
Kachinas |
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In __________ descent, familial relations focuson the mother’s family, with property, status, and clan affiliation beingconferred through the female line. A person’s most important relationswere his mother’s parents and siblings. The father’s relations were relativelyunimportant. |
Matrilineal |
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What are the giantanimals of the Pleistocene era called? Examples: mammoth, mastodon, and giant species of animals that are familiar to us today, such as beavers and sloths |
Megafauna |
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Many of the groups of North America becameagriculturalists, relying primarily on the ______________ that consisted of ______, _______, and _______. |
Mesoamerican triad of corn, beans, and squash. |
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Politically, ____________ were organized as a chiefdom, a hierarchy ofchiefs that pledged allegiance to the leader of the most important group. Practiced matrilineal descent patterns. Generally agriculturalists. |
Mississippians |
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What was one of the sites that first seriously challenged the Clovis First idea? It consistently produced well-documenteddates at and around 14,800-13,800 BP (12,800-11,800 BCE). The most fascinating artifact from this site is a child’sfootprint. |
Monte Verde site in Chile |
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What was the revenge based warfare that ensured a cycleof war as each group sought to avenge those killed in earlier wars orskirmishes? |
“Mourning Wars" |
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A story explainingwhere a group came from as a people as well as their relationship to theworld around them; helps to define groups as a people andform an important part of the culture. |
Origin stories |
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What is the earliest period, from the time that humans entered the Americasuntil about 8,000 BCE? It is closelyidentified with one of the most famous archaeological artifacts in theAmericas, the Clovis point. |
Paleo-Indian era |
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What is the site in Louisiana (1650-700 BCE) that is an importantbridge between the Archaic and Woodland periods because it was one of theearliest sites to develop technologies and characteristics that came to definethe Woodland period, including the development of pottery and manmadeearthworks? |
Poverty Point |
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During this era (1000-1492 CE), more than 500identifiable groups emerged in North America. |
Pre-contact Era |
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What is a more controversialtheory that argues that the first humans of the Americas descended fromthe Solutrean culture of Europe? |
The Solutrean hypothesis |
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The religion of the Mississippians is known as the ________ ___________ __________. |
Southeastern Ceremonial Complex |
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What usually occurred in thesummer and involved the erection of a large structure with a central pole,symbolizing the Tree of Life, as its dominant feature. Theindividual sponsoring it would pray and fast throughout thecelebration, which lasted up to a week in duration. He was the celebration’slead dancer, and the dance would continue until his strength was completelygone. Often, the dance involved some kind of bloodletting or self-torture. |
the Sun Dance |
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Native cultures developed and diversified during 8,000-1,000 BCE and 1,000BCE -1,000 CE respectively. Duringthese two eras, the peoples of the Americasalso began thedevelopment of agriculture, known asthe agricultural revolution. |
Archaic and the Woodland periods |
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What was the light, agile ship, that could carry a large cargo with a small crew? The Portuguese developed this ship with triangular sails and a square rig. |
Caravel |
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What do archaeologistsconsider the most impressive ruins south of the Nile Valley? The city was the capital of a vast empire stretching across South Africa bythe first century CE; it continued to thrive as a gold producing area until thefifteenth century, when due to soil exhaustion it was unable to support itslarge population. |
Great Zimbabwe |
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Who ruled China from 1368 to 1398, during which time heconcentrated on defeating and controlling the last of the Mongols, expanding the military, and ruling over a diversekingdom of Confucians, Muslims, and Christians? |
The founder of the Ming Dynasty, ZhuYuanzhang, who called himself Hong Wu. |
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The Kingdom of __________ was established in the 1720s and wasbuilt on the slave trade. Perhaps the most prominent group that grew and gainedpower because of their role in the slave trade. |
Dahomey |
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In the centuries before the Age of Discovery, Africa saw the rise to pre-eminence of a number of impressive kingdoms. Name two. |
Ghana and Mali |
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This emperor was different in that he became a devout Muslim,though the majority of his subjects did not. Perhaps best known forhis fourteenth century pilgrimage to Mecca (1324-1325) on which he wasaccompanied by 500 slaves each carrying a six-pound staff of pure gold and100 elephants bearing 100 pounds of gold. |
Mansa Musa |
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In transporting the African slaves to America, they were segregated by sex, oftenstripped naked, chained together, and kept in extremely tight quarters forup to twenty-three hours a day; as many as 12-13 percent died during thisdehumanizing experience. What was this transport called? |
Middle Passage |
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Under the sponsorship of ___________________, Portugal beganexploring the coast of Africa in orderto trade and extend Christianity, emerged as one of the leaders of the European Age of Discovery, and later established trading posts up and down the coast of WestAfrica. |
Prince Henry the Navigator |
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The empire of these people took in the territories that had beencontrolled by Ghana and Mali and extended them east and north to becomeone of the largest empires in African history. |
Songhay |
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Asia and the Moluccas are otherwise known as the ______ ______. |
Spice Islands |
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What strait controlled all sea trade between China and India? |
Strait of Malacca |
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Who was the founder of Mali that ruled over an empirethat was larger, more agriculturally successful and wealthier than Ghana? |
Sundiata Keita (1230-1255) |
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In 1494, what treaty wasnegotiated and signed to preserve order and to effectively divide the world’strade routes into spheres/zones of influence? |
The Treaty of Tordesillas |
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What traded manufactured goods such as beads, mirrors, cloth, andfirearms to Africa for slaves? |
The Atlantic Triangle Trade network |
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What emperor wanted to expand China’s military and economic control intothe areas surrounding the Indian Ocean? |
Yung Lo |
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Who did Emperor Yung Lo choose to lead a seriesof naval voyages from China into the Indian Ocean? This man made seven voyages between 1405 and 1433. |
Zheng He |
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Who was the Inca emperor that Francisco Pizarro had executed? |
Atahualpa |
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What was a twelve to fifteen judge advisorycouncil and court of law? |
The Audiencia |
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What group did Hernan Cortes conquer? |
Aztec Indians |
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What are the "menof the banner” called? |
Bandeirantes |
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Who were the first Portuguese to reach the Americas because their ships were blown off course and ended up on the shores ofBrazil, which were claimed for the King of Portugal, Manuel I? |
The men accompanying Pedro Cabral |
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Who led the first French voyages between 1534 and 1542? |
Jacques Cartier |
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Though he came tothe New World originally as an adventurer and received an encomiendafrom the Spanish Crown, he had, by 1514, however, had had a change of heartand became an advocate for the fair treatment of the natives. |
Bartholomew de las Casas |
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In 1603, who established the colony of New France in modern-day Quebec? |
Samuel de Champlain |
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What was the purpose of Columbus’s voyages, the first of which came in1492? |
He sought a route that would allow Spain to trade directly with the countries bordering the Indian and Western Pacific Oceans. |
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Who were the governors whose territory was known as a corregimiento? |
The corregidores |
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What was created in 1524 which oversaw developments in New Spain until the close of the colonial period? |
the Council of the Indies |
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Those who held captaincies, or administrative units, were known as “proprietors” or _________. |
donatários |
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What company did the Dutch establish theirpresence in the Caribbean through? It was aninstitution that was authorized to carry out trade and set up colonies. |
Dutch West Indies Company |
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What system were native laborers provided through which was a grant from the King of Spaingiven to an individual mine or plantation owner for a specificnumber of natives to work in any capacity in which they were needed? |
the encomienda system (called the mita in Portuguese areas) |
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Who conquered the Inca Empire? |
Francisco Pizarro |
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Who led an expedition to Florida in 1564 that established Fort Caroline at the mouth of the St. John’s River in modern Jacksonville? |
René Goulaine de Laudonnière |
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What were the plantations of Brazil and the larger estates known as? |
Haciendas |
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What were the protestants called that had been cast out of France? Somecame to Fort Caroline to seek refuge. |
Huguenots |
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Who was Huitzilopochtli? |
A primary Aztec god that the natives sacrificed humans to |
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An indian group in Canada that the Jesuits tried to Christianize though they were largely unsuccessful and had very few converts: perhaps lessthan ten converts in fifty years. |
Huron |
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What empire did Franciso Pizarro conquer? |
The Inca Empire |
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In 1615, what group arrivedin New France to go out among the Indians—particularly the Huron—toChristianize them? |
the first Jesuits |
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Who was the slave that aided Cortés in his communication with Moctezuma and his nobility since he was fluent in theNahuatl language spoken by the Aztecs? |
La Malinche |
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Who became adelantado, governing official, of la Florida? |
Pedro Menéndez de Avilés |
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What ethnicity was created by intermarriage between Europeans and Indians? |
The Mestizos |
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Who was the chief of the Aztecs that eventually was executed by Hernan Cortes? |
Moctezuma |
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What language was spoken by the Aztecs? |
Nahuatl |
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According to Aztec religious beliefs, who was Quetzalcoatl? |
A white-skinned god who would, at an undisclosed time, arrive in the Empire. |
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What was the rule that specified that one-fifth of all precious metals mined in the colonies was to goto the Spanish Crown? |
The Quinto |
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What was the system which grantedland and/or Indians to settlers for a specified period of time? Similar to the encomienda system. |
The Repartimiento |
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What was the Senado da Câmara? |
town council |
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What were the Portuguese who werewealthy enough to own a sugar mill as well as a plantation called that were at the apex of the social system? |
the senhores de engenho or “lords of the mill” |
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What was the exchange of people, plants, animals, anddiseases that forever changed both the Old and New Worlds? |
Columbian Exchange |
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What was the interaction among Europeans, Native Americans, and Africans in thesixteenth century illustrated by the clash of cultures that arose as Europeanmotives were at odds with the ethos and lifestyle of the indigenous civilizationsof the Americas? |
Transculturation |
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What indians occupied the OuterBanks and nearby mainland coast; were friendlyand curious about the visitors to America? |
The Algonquian |
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Banned from Rhode Island for holding “theological salons” in her home in which she and other membersof Wilson’s congregation commented on the content of the his sermons andtheir theological validity. |
Anne Hutchinson |
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What where the group of Catholics whose dream was of a haven where Protestants and Catholicscould live together in peace? |
The Calverts |
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Who became the mostfamous in no small measure due to his own self-promotion (he wrote oneof the first celebrity autobiographies) and was saved by Pocahontas? |
John Smith |
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What was the main cash crop? |
Tobacco |
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Who were the Croatoan indians? |
Colonists' allies that were accidentally attacked by the colonists; possibly captured or made a deal with the colonists of the lost colony of Roanoke which would explain their disappearance. |
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What was associated with the doctrine of predestination and caused most Puritans to keep diaries in which they laboriously listed their activities, looking for anyindication that pointed to their “election." |
Doctrine of Election |
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What was it called when, in 1684, the Crown revoked the Charter of Massachusetts Bay andcombined all of the New England colonies, in addition to New York andEast and West Jersey? |
the Dominion of New England |
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Who was the youngest daughter of Henry VIII who continued theTudor dynasty when she came to the throne of England in 1559? |
Elizabeth I |
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When James II came to the throne in 1685, heimmediately alarmed English Protestants. His open support of EnglishCatholics and Catholicism in general led to what? |
the Glorious Revolution of 1688 |
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Who established the Dominion of New England? |
James II |
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Who was one of the colonists from the Sea Venture who married Pocahontas and also pioneered tobacco cultivation inVirginia? |
John Rolfe |
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Who was a governor of Massachusetts Bay? |
John Winthrop |
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Who envisioned Maryland as a proprietary colonyproviding a safe haven for Catholics with an economy based on the cashcrop, tobacco? |
The first Lord Baltimore |
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Puritan colony that was founded by those who wished to practice their Calvinist-basedProtestantism without persecution by the English Church or Parliament. |
Massachusetts Bay |
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Who was the Wampanoag chief who came with Squanto to visit the English settlement? |
Massasoit |
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In July, 1620, 101 passengers leftDelfshaven, Holland aboard what ship for the sixty-five dayjourney to the New World? |
Mayflower |
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What created a government by social contract and bound the people together in acommon purpose? |
The Mayflower Compact |
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What were two of the leading New England Indian tribes inConnecticut? |
the Mohegan and Pequot |
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Who were the leading New England Indian tribe in Rhode Island that were allies with the English and helped them attack the Pequot Indians? |
the Narragansett |
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What was to pool the resources of the colonies and solve theirmutual problems, primarily their struggles with the native populations? |
New England Confederation, 1643 |
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What was the law passed in 1647 that acknowledged that the “onechief project of that old deluder, Satan, [is] to keep men from the knowledgeof the Scriptures,”? It required that towns with a population of fiftyfamilies provide an elementary school in which students would be taught toread and write and required to study the Bible. |
Old Deluder Satan Law |
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What war was started because the English had a hard time understandingwhy the Indians needed as much land as they apparently thought they didand refused to recognize these claims because the lands were not undercultivation? The English and allies set their fort on fire. |
Pequot War |
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Who believed that idleness was a sin, and, hence,that monasteries were a waste of time. They disliked mysticism,meditation, and prescribed prayers. They were “Separatists” who weresure that the Church of England could not be reformed so that their onlychoice was to separate from it entirely. |
Pilgrims |
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A Puritan colony in which Puritanism influenced theirsocial morés, economics, and politics. |
Plymouth |
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Land from theIndians that were set aside “for the encouragement of the Indiansto live in a more orderly way among us.” |
Praying towns |
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Who wanted to purify the church and believed that idleness was a sin, and, hence, that monasteries were a waste of time. They disliked mysticism, meditation, and prescribed prayers? |
Puritans |
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What is pyrite? |
fool's gold |
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What colony was founded by Roger Williams, a graduate of CambridgeUniversity and Puritan theologian? |
Rhode Island |
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Where was the first English colony established in 1585? It was unsuccessful and what happened to itsresidents has remained one of history’s great mysteries. |
Roanoke Island |
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Who was the founder of Rhode Island? |
Roger Williams |
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Who was the Abenaki sachem, chief? |
Samoset |
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Ralph Lane planned to attack Pemisapan before Pemisapancould attack the English. The final result was several murdered Indians, including the chief. What tribe was this? |
Secotan Indians |
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Who hadthe largest English fleet to date to reach North America? |
Sir Francis Drake |
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Who did the English monarchy sponsor its first voyages to the New World under? |
Sir Humphrey Gilbert in the 1580s |
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Who was Sir Humphrey Gilbert's half brother who founded the lost colony of Roanoke? |
Sir Walter Raleigh |
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Who gave the new arrivals horticultural advice and actedas an interpreter in their dealings with the Wampanoag chief Massasoit? |
Squanto |
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What would be one of the cruelest experiences in American History, ending with more than 80 percent of theJamestown colonists dead? |
the Starving Time |
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Who was the WestIndian servant and possibly a slave, in the Parris household, that was involved with the witchcraft in Salem? |
Tituba |
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What was formed to invest in the colonization of Virginiawith the goal of making a profit for its investors? |
The Virginia Company of London |
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Who was the first English child born in the New World? |
Virginia Dare |
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What happened in 1704 when Moore again raided the missions of Spanish Florida, this timeattacking the Apalachee province to the west, killing and enslaving muchof the population? |
the Apalachee massacre |
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What began as one colony with two distinct areas: the north,Albemarle, andthe south, which centered on Charleston? Thefirst attempts to colonize it failed. The later attempt in 1663 toestablish it as a proprietary colony with eight Lords Proprietorswas successful. |
The Carolinas |
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What was organized in Georgia by James Edward Oglethorpe? |
the Georgia Trustees |
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What did the Iroquois Nations consist of? |
Five tribes, one being the Mohawk |
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Who was the Carolina governor along with a force madeup of colonists and Indian allies that conducted a series of raids on the missions? |
James Moore |
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What was caused when William Kieft, the Dutch governor, demanded the Algonquian tribes pay anannual tribute and live under Dutch law? |
Kieft’s War |
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What was the system which the DWIC awarded generous plots of land with riverfronts to proprietors willing totake financial responsibility for settling the plot? |
Patroon System |
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When his father died, William Penn inherited a claimagainst the crown of approximately £16,000. In 1680, Penn petitioned theking for territory between New York and Maryland. For Charles II, it wasa convenient way to settle his debt.While short on cash, he had plentyof land in America. This created what colony? |
Pennsylvania |
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What were the colonies called in which the proprietors were the ultimate sources of authority in their respectivecolonies, controlling all actions and institutions of government? |
Proprietary colonies |
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What was the Restoration of the English monarchy called that began in 1660 when the English, Scottish and Irish monarchies were all restored under Charles II after the Interregnum that followed the Wars of the Three Kingdoms? |
The Restoration of 1660 |
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Who are the Society of Friends? |
Quakers |
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What guaranteed freedom of worship to all sects except Catholics? |
Toleration Act, 1689 |
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Quakerinvestment in ______ _______ was the first step in theirattempt to create a safe haven in the New World. |
West Jersey |
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What region in Canada was the focus of hostilities throughout theintercontinental colonial wars? |
Acadia |
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What church retained a detailed liturgical structure, where all goers would know what Scriptures wouldbe read and what prayers would be said on any given Sunday? All these churches followed a common guide. |
Anglican church |
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What did the Trade Act create that was an administrative agency, to replace themore informal Lords of Trade created under Charles II? |
Board of Trade |
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What did eachcolony develop that had governmental structures that resembled the structure ofthe British government, a colonialagent who represented the colonies’ interests in London, and a judiciary modeledon the British system? |
Colonial Government |
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Who was the Great Awakening preacher who attended Oxford, joined the Holy Club, and was influenced by the Wesleys and Jonathan Edwards? |
George Whitefield |
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Who was the key to George Whitfield's conversion? |
John Calvin |
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Who was involved in the Scientific Revolution whose greatest work, PhilosphiaNaturalis Principia Mathematica, presented areasonable, understandable, and demonstrable model for the workings ofthe universe, which was based on science and excluded theology? He had concepts, such as his Law of Gravity. |
Sir Isaac Newton |
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What two brothers were involved in the Great Awakening, inspired by Martin Luther's writings, and were nicknamed "Methodist"? |
John and Charles Wesley |
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Whose ideas later formed thebasis of the U. S. Constitution, came the concept that all peoplehave the right to Life, Liberty, and Estate or Property, and had the greatest direct impact on therevolutionary spirit in the Colonies? |
John Locke |
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Who was a graduate of Harvard, had been an adviser toMetacom and often acted as a mediator for the Wampanoag and the colonialgovernment, and was murdered for warning the colonists of an attack? |
John Sassamon, a praying Indian |
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Who was a Connecticut preacher, well educated in theology andphilosophy, and who read Locke and Newton? He came to be one of the mostimportant theologians of his day. |
Jonathan Edwards |
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What was an economic theory and practice that promoted governmental regulation of a nation's economy for the purpose of augmenting state power at the expense of rival national powers? |
Mercantilism |
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What war was also known as King Philip’s War (1675-1676) and was a brutal engagement between the New Englanders and the WampanoagIndians? The war was one of the most costly in Americanhistory, both in terms of its consequences for the colonial economy andpopulation. |
Metacom’s War |
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Who was chief of the Wampanoag Indians, brother to prior chief Wamsutta, was called King Philip by the colonists, possibly killed John Sassaman, and built an alliance against Englishexpansionism? |
Metacom |
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What Protestant denomination did the Wesley brothers found in which followers were methodical in the way they carriedon their religious devotions andother activities? |
Methodist |
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Who were a Protestant group withGerman roots extending back to Jan Huss? |
Moravians |
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What act was designed to increase trade relationships between the mother country and her colonies, attempted to improve the collection ofduties in the colonies, granted royal officials in the colonies the rightto search for and to seize illegal goods? |
The Navigation Acts |
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Who are the followers of any of the Western Christian churches that are separate from the Roman Catholic Church and follow the principles of the Reformation, including the Baptist, Presbyterian, and Lutheran churches? |
Protestants |
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What war emerged in North Americawhen the War of Spanish Succession spilled over into the colonies? It was being waged over the possible merging of France andSpain under the Bourbon monarchs and ended with the negotiation of the Treaty of Utrechtin 1713. |
Queen Anne’s War |
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What was this called when government officials largelyignored economic development in the colonies? Decisions made by Robert Walpole, the king’s chief minister, led to a period of this. |
salutary neglect |
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With this time in history came a new spirit of thought and intellectualinvestigation, old ideas and theories could be questioned and new onesproposed on virtually any subject, acceptance of what had always been wasno longer sufficient support for belief. Thinkers included: Rousseau, Voltaire, Hume, and John Locke. |
The Enlightenment |
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What was a religious revival in the American coloniestriggered by a belief among Calvinists that the spiritual life of the colonistswas endangered? |
The Great Awakening |
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What was the emergence of modern science during the early modern period, when developments in mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology (including human anatomy) and chemistry transformed views of society and nature? |
The Scientific Revolution |
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What is the study of the nature of God and religious belief? |
Theology |
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What were juryless courts located in British colonies that were granted jurisdiction over local legal matters related to maritime activities, such as disputes between merchants and seamen? |
Vice Admiralty Courts |
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What is a written order issued by a court instructing a law enforcement official, such as a sheriff or a tax collector, to perform a certain task? In the colonies, it allowed them to search for and to seize illegal goods. |
Writs of Assistance |
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What was a plan to create a unified government for the Thirteen Colonies, suggested by Benjamin Franklin? |
The Albany Plan of Union |
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What specified that any personcharged with committing murder while enforcing royal authority inMassachusetts was to be tried in England or in another colony? |
The Administration of Justice Act |
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What was the killing of five colonists by British regulars on March 5, 1770? It was the culmination of tensions in the American colonies that had been growing since Royal troops first appeared in Massachusetts in October 1768 to enforce the heavy tax burden imposed by the Townshend Acts. |
The Boston Massacre |
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What closed the port of Boston until the town paid forthe tea that was destroyed in the Boston Tea Party? |
The Boston Port Bill |
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What happened when fifty young men disguised as Indians left thechurch, headed for the docks, and threw 342 chests of tea overboard? |
Boston Tea Party |
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What were these four acts a part of? 1. The Boston Port Bill 2. The Massachusetts Government Act 3. The Administration of Justice Act 4. The Quartering Act |
Coercive Acts |
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The four Coercive Acts and the Quebec Act quickly became known inAmerica as ________. |
The Intolerable Acts |
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What were shadow governments organized by the Patriot leaders of the Thirteen Colonies on the eve of the American Revolution? |
The Committees of Correspondence |
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What act specified that from 1765 onward, theuse of paper money was abolished altogether? |
Currency Act |
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What act delineated clearly the relationship between the colonies and the mothercountry? "In all future endeavors, the colonies were ...to be subordinate unto, and dependent upon the imperial crown andparliament of Great Britain; and that parliament...assembled, hath, and ofright ought to have, full power and authority to make laws and statutes ofsufficient force and validity to bind the colonies and people of America,subjects of the crown of Great Britain, in all cases whatsoever." |
Declaratory Act |
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What meeting was it when the delegates approved the Suffolk Resolves, which declared the Intolerable Acts null and void and they drafted a Declaration of American Rights specifying that Parliament had no right to pass legislation that interfered with the internal workings of the colonies and including a list of grievances leveled at the Crown and Parliament? |
The First Continental Congress |
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What war began in the colonies two years before it “spread” to Europe and became known asthe Seven Years’ War? It arose from border tensions when Virginianscrossed the Allegheny Mountains into the Ohio River Valley, an areaclaimed by both the British and the French. |
French and Indian War |
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Who was Chair of the Massachusetts Bay House of Representatives and insisted that measures like the Sugar Act “have a tendency to deprive theColonies of some of their most essential Rights as British Subjects, and...particularly the Right of assessing their own Taxes.” |
James Otis |
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Who was a well-knownpatriot and cousin of Sam Adams that agreed to defend the soldiers involved in the Boston Massacre? He madethis unpopular move because Adams believed that the men had a right to berepresented in court. |
John Adams |
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Who was the colonist that argued that Parliament did not have the power to levy eitherinternal or external taxes on the colonies? Said in his Lettersfrom a Pennsylvania Farmer: “We are taxed without our own consent,expressed by ourselves or our representatives. We are therefore ----------SLAVES!” |
John Dickinson |
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What were the first military engagements of the American Revolutionary War? |
Lexington and Concord |
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What act revoked the Massachusettscharter and changed the legislative assembly so that no longer wouldthe upper house be elected, rather it would now be appointed by thecrown. **A final insult was the provision that in no town in Massachusettscould there be more than one town meeting a year. |
The Massachusetts Government Act |
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Who stirred the Virginia House of Burgesses with a speechopposing the Stamp Act? He proclaimed that if his condemnation of this Act“be treason...make the most of it!” |
Patrick Henry |
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What did the French and Indian War conclude with? |
The Peace of Paris |
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The expendituresof war had driven up the imperial debt, and the removal of the Frenchimmediately precipitated a violent response from the Indians of theOhio Valley region in what became known as ________ War. |
Pontiac’s War |
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What specified that colonists could not settle beyond the Allegheny-Appalachian Mountain chain for it was reserved for the Indian tribes? The only exception was that white traders could apply for licenses to tradewith the Indians. The colonists didn't listen. |
Proclamation Line of 1763 |
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Who said “shot heard round the world”? |
Ralph Waldo Emerson |
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What were the rebels called that intimidated merchants, boycotted, and rioted? |
Sons of Liberty |
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Which act levied the first internal tax and specified that stamps were to be placed on newspapers, pamphlets,almanacs, wills, deeds, licenses, insurance policies, bills of lading, collegediplomas, and even playing cards? |
The Stamp Act |
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Which act lowered the tariff on sugar though it increased the powers of the Admiralty Courtsas well as ending the lucrative sugar and slave trade with the West Indies? |
The Sugar Act |
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During the stamp act riots, whose house did a mob storm? |
Lt. Governor Thomas Hutchinson |
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Which act delineated where and how British soldiers found room and board in thecolonies? |
The Quartering Act |
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Which act confirmedthe following: Roman Catholicism was the official religion in Quebec; therewould be no elected legislature in Canada; and that the new boundaries of Quebec included the western lands north of the Ohio River, lands that hadlong been claimed by Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Connecticut? |
The Quebec Act |
