History 2020 Exam 2

Front 1

Marcus Garvey

Back 1

1. Marcus Garvey was a Jamaican-born visionary who urged African Americans to rediscover the heritage of Africa, take pride in their own achievements, and maintain racial purity by avoiding miscegenation.

2. Launched the Universal Negro Improvement Association.

3. UNIA helped African Americans gain economic and political independence entirely outside white society.

4. Garvey was eventually deported to Jamaica, but his legacy continued in the search for equality and racial identity.

Front 2

Scopes Trial

Back 2

1. The Scopes Trial was a Tennessee court case in which biology teacher John Scopes was tried because he continued to teach evolution in his classroom against a legislation which banned the teaching of evolution.

2. It was the first trial to be covered on live radio, attracted a nationwide audience.
3. The law was upheld and Scopes was charged $100 fine .

4. The trial revealed the disdain urban people felt for country people and the values they clung to.

Front 3

Teapot Dome scandal

Back 3

1. The Teapot Dome scandal involved President Warren G. Harding's appointees in which many of them illegally accepted bribes in order to lease land.

2. Specifically Interior Secretary Albert Fall accepted over $400,000 for leasing oil reserves on public land in Teapot Dome, Wyoming to big oil companies.

3. The scandal was considered the most infamous US political scandal up until Watergate in 1970.

Front 4

Welfare Capitalism

Back 4

1. The idea that capitalistic, industrial society can operate benevolently to improve the lives of workers.

2. The idea of welfare capitalism became popular in the 1920s as industries extended the benefits of scientific management to improve safety and sanitation in the workplace as well as as institute paid vacations, etc.

3. Saw to the decline of union membership at the time due to the fact the employees began to trust their employers.

Front 5

Johnson-Reed Act

Back 5

1. Passed in 1924, The Johnson-Reed Act limited the number of immigrants to no more than 161,000 a year and establish quotas for each European nation.

2. The act revealed the fear and bigotry that fueled anti-immigration legislation.

3. This act along with others passed in the 1920s signaled the end of the America with open arms and increased nativism.

Front 6

Prohibition

Back 6

1. A nationwide ban on the sale and manufacture of alcohol in the form of the Eighteenth Amendment.

2. Instead of eliminating crime which its supporters claimed would happen, it created a 14 year period of lawbreaking unparalleled in the nation's history.

3. In the end the costs far outweighed the benefits and prohibition was abandoned.

4. Prohibition changed American social life forever due to speakeasies and sexual integration.

Front 7

Settlement Houses

Back 7

1. A settlement house is a neighborhood based organization that provides services and activities designed to identify and reinforce the strengths of individuals, families, and communities.

2. They began at the beginning of big city life in the late 1800s early 1900s.

3. The Settlement house movement was led by women like Jane Addams and Lillian Wald

4. Could include job training, employment programs, etc.

Front 8

Progressivism

Back 8

1. The practice and belief of being a Progressive.

2. Progressives are those who believe progress only comes if you push for it yourself. The belief in taking matters into your own hands rather than letting matters settle themselves.

3. During the late 1800s early 1900s progressivism entailed condemning the laissez-faire approach to social problems.

4. Progressivism was inevitably responsible for the success of women's suffrage.

Front 9

Social Gospel

Back 9

1. In the late 1800s to early 1900s churches sought to reform individuals as well as society through the word of God.

2. Social Gospel offered a powerful corrective to social Darwinism. Called men and women to think spiritually, "what would Jesus do?"

3. Social Gospel represented the goal of ridding society it's current evils (prostitution, alcohol, greed, etc.)

Front 10

Roosevelt Corollary

Back 10

1. Was a follow up to the Monroe Doctrine, later add-on, inevitability.

2. Through this Roosevelt declared the United States had a right to act as an international police power in the western hemisphere.

3. Ultimately showed the world that the US had and would use force in the western hemisphere if they needed to.

Front 11

Plessy vs. Ferguson

Back 11

1. Was a court case 1896 which upheld the legality of racial segregation.

2. Homer Plessy purchased a first class ticket for a train car and sat in the whites only section..

3. Plessy was asked to move and he refused. He was then arrested, tried, and the court decided that it was illegal for Plessy to sit in the whites only section even though he purchased a first class ticket.

4. The ruling fueled racial segregation and the notion of "separate, but equal."

Front 12

The New Nationalism

Back 12

1. The New Nationalism was the campaign slogan and philosophy of Theodore Roosevelt in the election of 1912.

2. It expressed Roosevelt's belief in federal planning and regulation: accepted big business, but sought regulate it.

3. Ultimately led to the largest percent vote to a new party (27%), Roosevelt's Bull Moose Party. Though he did not win the election.

Front 13

Muckracking

Back 13

1. The act of searching out and publicizing scandalous information about companies, people, businesses etc.

2. Upton Sinclair's "The Jungle" in particular exposed the labor abuses and poor conditions of the meat packing industry which lead massive public outcry

3. The popularity of muckracking in the early 1900s led to the passing of bills such as the Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act in 1906.

Front 14

18th Amendment

Back 14

1. The 18th Amendment effectively prohibited the manufacture, transportation, and sale of alcohol.

2. Was strongly advocated by women and religious progressives during the time.

3. Ultimately there was tremendous resistance and it was weakly enforced.

4. The 18th amendment ended up cause more bad than good with large increase in crime and lawbreaking.

Front 15

The League of Nations

Back 15

1. The League of Nations was the 14th point of Woodrow Wilson's fourteen points.

2. It called for a "general association of nations" to provide "mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike."

3. Though it was Wilson's plan, the United States never joined the League of Nations that formed in 1920.

4. The League of Nations was the precursor to today's United Nations.

Front 16

The First Red Scare

Back 16

1. The First Red Scare occurred in 1919 following the successful revolution of the Bolsheviks in Russia headed by Vladimir Lenin.

2. This left paranoia and hysteria in America for many believed the same would happen.

3. Contributed to much racial and political bias during the time. Sacco-Vanzetti trial and execution.

4. Led to a long standing opposition and dislike of anything socialist/communist in America even to this day.

Front 17

Lusitania

Back 17

1. The Lusitania was a British passenger ship which was torpedoed by German U-boats on May 7, 1915.

2. The ship sank which killed all 1200 of her passengers 128 of which were American citizens.

3. The ship was carrying ammunition and weapons which is why it was targeted.

4. One of the main reasons for the United States to enter World War I.

Front 18

Triple Alliance

Back 18

1. The Triple Alliance was the diplomatic and military alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy during WWI.

2. These powers were opposed by the Allies (GB, France, Russia).

3. They would be considered the enemies/provokers of WWI.

Front 19

Versailles Treaty

Back 19

1. The Treaty of Versailles was a peace settlement signed after World War I ended.

2. It forced Germany to concede territories to various countries as well as demanded Germany to pay reparations for all damage it had done.

3. Germany was wholly blamed for the war and was disarmed.

4. Was the signal to the end of the war as well as the contribution to Germany's coming struggle(which would be a reason for WWII).

Front 20

19th Amendment

Back 20

1. The 19th Amendment was passed in 1919 and gave women in the US the right to vote.

2. Largely successful due to the role women played during WWI (taking men's jobs, etc.)

3. Woodrow Wilson endorsed the 19th amendment stating that it was crucial to the war effort.

Front 21

Ku Klux Klan

Back 21

1. The Ku Klux Klan is a white supremacist group that began in the south years after the civil war.

2. In the 1920-30s they had a rebirth as women, blacks, and immigrants became more abundant and advanced their position in society.

3. They were responsible for many racially motivated crimes during the time such as lynchings, beatings, etc.

4. Still exist today.