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45 Cards in this Set

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Alexander Hamilton

Alexander Hamilton (1757–1804) was an author of The Federalist, Secretary of the Treasury under President Washington, and founder of the Federalist Party.

Topic 5

Whiskey Rebellion

a 1794 protest over a tax on all liquor made and sold in the United States

Topic 5

Federalist

A member of the party lead by Alexander Hamilton that favored a strong federal government

Topic 5

XYZ Affair

a 1797 French attempt to demand a bribe of money from the United States before discussing French seizure of neutral American ships

Topic 5

Alien and Sedition Acts

the Federalist-supported laws created in 1798 that permitted the President to expel foreigners, made it harder for immigrants to become citizens, and allowed for citizens to be fined or jailed if they criticized the government or its officials

Topic 5

John Marshall

John Marshall (1755–1835) was the Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court from 1801 to 1835.

Topic 5

judicial review

the power of the Supreme Court to decide whether the acts of a President or laws passed by Congress are constitutional

Topic 5

Louisiana Purchase

the vast territory extending from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains, purchased from France in 1803

Topic 5

impressment

the practice of forcing people into military service

Topic 5

War Hawks

the members of Congress from the South and the West who called for war with Britain prior to the War of 1812

Topic 5

Battle of New Orleans

at the end of the War of 1812, a battle between British and U.S. forces, led by Andrew Jackson, that ended in a victory for the United States

Topic 5

Treaty of Ghent

a peace treaty signed by Britain and the United States in 1814 to end the War of 1812

Topic 5

Monroe Doctrine

President Monroe's foreign policy statement warning European nations not to interfere in Latin America

Topic 5

Corrupt Bargain

No clear winner emerged from the election of 1824. Jackson won the popular vote, but no candidate won a majority, or more than half, of the electoral votes. As a result, under the provisions of the Constitution, the House of Representatives had to choose the president from among the top three candidates. Clay urged members of the House to vote for Adams. Clay’s support was enough for Adams to win the vote in the House. After he became president, Adams named Clay his Secretary of State. In the past, Secretaries of State had gone on to become president.

Topic 6

Whig Party

a U.S. political party active between 1832 and 1858 that backed government support for the economy

Topic 6

Indian Removal Act

a law passed by Congress in 1830 setting up territories west of the Mississippi River where Native Americans living in existing states could be relocated

Topic 6

Trail of Tears

the forced migration by the Cherokee and other Native American groups from their southeastern homelands to territories west of the Mississippi River

Topic 6

Erie Canal

the artificial waterway opened in 1825, linking Lake Erie to the Hudson River

Topic 6

Oregon Trail

the route to the Oregon Country used by wagon trains in the 1800s

Topic 6

Alamo

an old Spanish mission building in Texas where Mexican forces under Santa Anna besieged Texans in 1836

Topic 6

Battle of San Jacinto

an 1836 battle between Texans and Mexicans during the Texas war for independence from Mexico

Topic 6

Manifest Destiny

the 1800s belief that Americans had the right to spread across the continent

Topic 6

Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo

an 1848 treaty in which Mexico gave up California and New Mexico Territory to the United States for $15 million

Topic 6

forty-niners

a term to describe one of more than 80,000 people who joined the California Gold Rush in 1849

Topic 6

Lowell girls

young women who worked in the Lowell Mills in Massachusetts during the Industrial Revolution

Topic 7

Know-Nothing party

a political party of the 1850s that was anti-Catholic and anti-immigrant

Topic 7

slave codes

laws that controlled the lives of enslaved African Americans and denied them basic rights

Topic 7

Second Great Awakening

a widespread religious movement in the United States in the early 1800s

Topic 7

temperance movement

the campaign against alcohol consumption

Topic 7

Underground Railroad

a network of abolitionists who secretly helped African Americans to escape to freedom

Topic 7

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

an 1852 novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe written to show the evils of slavery and the injustice of the Fugitive Slave Act

Topic 7

Seneca Falls Convention

an 1848 meeting at which activists called for equal rights for women, often seen as the birthplace of the women's rights movement

Topic 7

transcendentalist

one of a group of New England writers and thinkers who believed that the most important truths transcended, or went beyond, human reason

Topic 7

Missouri Compromise

an agreement, proposed in 1819 by Henry Clay, to keep the number of slave and free states equal

Topic 8

popular sovereignty

a term used in the mid-1800s to refer to the idea that each territory could decide for itself whether or not to allow slavery

Topic 8

Compromise of 1850

an agreement over slavery by which California joined the Union as a free state and a strict fugitive slave law was passed

Topic 8

Fugitive Slave Act

a law passed in 1850 that required all citizens to aid in the capture of runaway slaves

Topic 8

Kansas-Nebraska Act

an 1854 law that established the territories of Nebraska and Kansas, giving the settlers of each territory the right of popular sovereignty to decide on the issue of slavery

Topic 8

Robert E. Lee

Robert Edward Lee was a Confederate general during the Civil War. He led his troops to many hard-fought victories but ultimately to surrender in 1865. Lee is known for his bold, aggressive tactics in battles.

Topic 8

John Brown

He led a group of followers, including five African Americans, to the town of Harpers Ferry, Virginia.There, Brown planned to raid a federal arsenal, or gun warehouse. He thought that enslaved African Americans would flock to him at the arsenal. He would then give them weapons and lead them in a revolt.

Topic 8

Battle of Bull Run

the first major battle of the Civil War; fought in Virginia in 1861; also called the Battle of Manassas

Topic 8

Battle of Antietam

an 1862 Civil War battle in Maryland; also called the Battle of Sharpsburg

Topic 8

Battle of Shiloh

an 1862 Civil War battle in Tennessee that ended in a Union victory

Topic 8

Battle of Gettysburg

an 1863 Civil War battle in Pennsylvania that ended in a Union victory and stopped the Confederate invasion of the North

Topic 8

total war

an all-out war that affects civilians at home as well as soldiers in combat

Topic 8