History 1302 Test 1

Front 1

Freedman's Bureau

Back 1

1865, They set up schools, and educate 100,000 people to read and write. Primitive welfare department.

Front 2

Andrew Johnson

Back 2

Stump Politician, reasonable reconstruction, pardons 13,000 people, 1st time President is possibly impeached (sets precedence)

Front 3

10% Plan

Back 3

10% of southern voters to take a pledge that they agree with US, then they can vote.

Front 4

Wade-Davis Bill

Back 4

Says 50% of southerners need to take Iron Clad Oath

Front 5

Black Codes

Back 5

"slavery under another name," prohibits blacks to owning property, carrying weapons, ect

Front 6

Alexander Stephens

Back 6

ex- VP of Confederacy, supported Black Codes

Front 7

13th Amendment

Back 7

abolished slavery

Front 8

14th Amendment

Back 8

granted citizenship to all born in US

Front 9

15th Amendment

Back 9

African American MEN could vote

Front 10

Seward's Folly

Back 10

The purchase of Alaska, 1860s

Front 11

Scalawags

Back 11

southerner that is a collaborator, go along with reconstruction

Front 12

Klu Klux Klan

Back 12

begins in Georgia, harass and kill mainly blacks, but eventually whites that go along with reconstruction

Front 13

Tenure of Office Act

Back 13

if an official has to be approved by congress to be put in office, if want to fire you go through congress

Front 14

Edwin M. Stanton

Back 14

Secretary of War, reason for Tenure of Office Act

Front 15

Redeemer Governments

Back 15

democrats who want to get away from the radical republican ideas, mostly rich businessmen, landowners, and professionals.

Front 16

Compromise of 1877

Back 16

republicans will remove troops and give south back, most blacks will lose vote and Burbans take back control

Front 17

Credit Mobilier

Back 17

construction company involved with railroad, go to congress and give cheap and free stocks

Front 18

Panic of 1893

Back 18

depression lasting 4 years, while Cleveland is president

Front 19

Pullman Strike

Back 19

1894, Populist call for federal jobs

Front 20

Rutherford B. Hayes

Back 20

becomes president in 1877, advocate for sound money, and had no scandal history

Front 21

Chester A. Arthur

Back 21

becomes VP of Garfield in 1880, takes over as Pres in 1881, after Garfield is shot

Front 22

Pendleton Act of 1883

Back 22

civil service commission independent from the cabinet. 1st Federal service set up by itself

Front 23

Grover Cleveland

Back 23

democrat, becomes president in 1884

Front 24

Interstate Commerce Commision

Back 24

1st independent regulatory system, investigates railroads, bad business

Front 25

Benjamin Harrision

Back 25

republican nominee for Pres in 1888, most significant gesture was giving job to Theodore Roosevelt. Passes: Disability Penchant Act, Sherman Anti-Trust, Sherman Silver Purchase, McKinley Act

Front 26

McKinley Tariff

Back 26

raises tariffs, puts tariffs on farmed good, allows cheap sugar, supposed to help trade

Front 27

Sherman Anti-Trust Act

Back 27

passed in 1890, prohibits certain business activities that government deemed un-competitive.

Front 28

Boss Tweed

Back 28

mob leader in NYC, employed bribery, graft, and fraudulent elections

Front 29

Horace Greeley

Back 29

Editor of NY Tribune, candidate for liberal republican parties (he is their nominee, he dies 3 weeks after votes are counted)

Front 30

Plessy v. Ferguson

Back 30

"separate but equal" 1896

Front 31

Jim Fisk

Back 31

helped create the Speculative Bubble. 1st scandal that comes to life

Front 32

Union Pacific Railroad

Back 32

west from Omaha

Front 33

Central Pacific Railroad

Back 33

east from Sacramento (built by Chinese workers)

Front 34

Cornelius Vanderbilt

Back 34

buys railroads "consolidating" dies in 1877. Robberbarans

Front 35

Thomas Edison

Back 35

most famous American inventor, "nickel deaden," setting up the electric grid (Edison General Electric)

Front 36

John D. Rockefeller

Back 36

oil business, oil refining specifically, Standard Oil of Ohio, 1879 he controls 90-95% in the industry

Front 37

Andrew Carnegie

Back 37

invest in American Express, steel business (gets bought out), becomes philanthropist

Front 38

Bessemer Process

Back 38

1850 method of making cheap steel

Front 39

Haymarket Square Episode

Back 39

comes up during strike against Chicago reaper company. bomb thrown, 7 anarchy leaders guilty. 1 Knights of Labor member

Front 40

American Federation of Labor

Back 40

1886, formed to keep out knights of labor people that showed up. 500,000 members by 1890s. 1892, Steel Strike against one of Carnegie's companies

Front 41

J.P. Morgan

Back 41

Wall Street investment banker. Would put his people in board of trustees in the companies he is involved in

Front 42

United States Steel Corporation

Back 42

1901, J.P. Morgan buys out Carnegie Steel, and creates the most successful steel industry, U.S. Steel

Front 43

Jay Gould

Back 43

created the Speculative Bubble

Front 44

Knights of Labor

Back 44

started in Philadelphia. Industrial Union, anyone can join that has worked for wages (except: lawyers, doctors, bankers, and people that sold liquor)

Front 45

National Labor Union

Back 45

1866, 77 delegates get together and discuss political and social reform. (8 hour days, equal rights for women)

Front 46

Horatio Alger

Back 46

Rags to Riches,

Front 47

Hull House

Back 47

started by Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Star, 1889

Front 48

new immigration

Back 48

not accepted that well

Front 49

Thomas Nast

Back 49

most famous political cartoonist, credited with creating the republican elephant and Santa Claus

Front 50

Dumbbell Tenement

Back 50

built in NYC, after the Tenement House Act was passed in 1879

Front 51

Henry George

Back 51

"Single-Tax" American writer, politician, and political economist

Front 52

Louis Sullivan

Back 52

"form fits function"

Front 53

WEB Dubois

Back 53

starts black history, "higher aims in life"

Front 54

Booker T. Washington

Back 54

supported Atlanta Compromise, and helped set up NAACP

Front 55

Johns Hopkins University

Back 55

founded in 1876; Baltimore, Maryland

Front 56

Plains Tribes

Back 56

between Mississippi and Rocky Mountains, buffalo is a main need

Front 57

Col. Chivington

Back 57

served in Battle of Sand Creek

Front 58

George Armstrong Custer

Back 58

killed at the Battle of Little Big Horn

Front 59

Sitting Bull

Back 59

Hunkpapa, Sioux Indian, War leader

Front 60

Geronimo

Back 60

captured in 1886, they bring him to a prison in Florida, prominent Indian leader,

Front 61

Dawes Severalty Act

Back 61

severing up and dividing the reservations into farms, these Indians are not used to little family units, 86 million acres are lost

Front 62

Comstock Lode

Back 62

largest find in mining industry, Virginia City, gold and silver

Front 63

Mining Frontier

Back 63

found all over, a pattern is set in 1849: they find gold in California, causes gold rush

Front 64

Homestead Act of 1862

Back 64

signed by Abe Lincoln, anyone who had not taken up arms against the U.S., 21 or older or head of house, could file for federal home grant

Front 65

Populist Party

Back 65

the "people's party"

Front 66

Jacob Coxey

Back 66

leads the populist to D.C.

Front 67

William McKinley

Back 67

wins 1896 election, wants unlimited circulation and gold supply, last president of the Gilded Age

Front 68

William Jenning Bryant

Back 68

cross of gold speech, also on the Populist ballot 1896, unlimited circulation of silver

Front 69

William Randolph Hearst

Back 69

American newspaper publisher who built the nations largest newspaper chain

Front 70

Joseph Pulitzer

Back 70

introduced techniques of "new journalism", became leader in Democratic party and became congressman of NY

Front 71

Samoa

Back 71

the United Kingdom, Germany, and the U.S. all claimed parts of the Kingdom of _______, and established trade post

Front 72

Hawaii

Back 72

islands were annexed by the U.S. in 1900, and as a U.S. territory saw population expansion and the establishment of a plantation system for growing sugar cane and pineapples. became the 50th state on august 21, 1959

Front 73

Alfred Thayer Mahan

Back 73

U.S. navy admiral, geostrategist, and historian, countries with greater naval power will rule

Front 74

General Weyler

Back 74

Spanish general, and governor general of Philippines and Cuba

Front 75

The USS Maine

Back 75

commissioned in 1895, first U.S. Navy ship to be named after the state Maine

Front 76

The "Splendid Little War"

Back 76

Spanish American War, lasted from April until August 1898, U.S. becomes world power, Cuba insurrection causes this war

Front 77

The Philippines

Back 77

they thought they would be granted their freedom after the Spanish- U.S. War. They were excluded and the U.S. made it clear its intentions to stay in the Philippines "indefinitely". Taft became governor. they got their freedom July 4, 1946

Front 78

Emilio Aguinaldo

Back 78

first American liberators, this causes a 2 year guerrilla war, U.S. takes 7,000 causalities

Front 79

Teller Amendment

Back 79

joint resolution of U.S. Congress, April 20,1898, in reply to President McKinley's war message. placed a condition on U.S. military's presence in Cuba

Front 80

Open Door Policy

Back 80

1899, John Hay's, proposed to keep China openly trading on an equal basis

Front 81

Treaty of Portsman

Back 81

formally ended the 1904-05 Russo-Japanese War, Theo Roosevelt negotiated, won Pulitzer Peace Prize because of it

Front 82

Panama Canal

Back 82

had to clear up Clayton-Buler Treaty, the Hay Puncefot Treaty clears the way, November 1903 there is a revolt in Panama, we immediately recognize as Free State. Takes 10 years, open for traffic August 1914.