History 1301 Unit 1 - Chapter 3

Front 1

Adam Smith

Back 1

Scottish economist of the 18th century who argued that competition and a free market would have served Britain better than its mercantilist colonial policies. He wrote the landmark "The Wealth of Nations" (1776).

Front 2

Nathaniel Bacon

Back 2

Frustrated by Indian attacks on the Virginia frontier and patronage in the colony's government, he led a calamitous armed rebellion in 1675-76 that included the massacre of Indians and the burning of Jamestown.

Front 3

King Phillip (Metacomet)

Back 3

Wampanoag chief who led a major Indian uprising against New England colonists in 1675 that left hundreds dead, destroyed villages, and disrupted the region's economy.

Front 4

Increase Mather

Back 4

Influential Congregationalist minister and president of Harvard University in late 17th-century Massachusetts Bay, he urged caution and restraint during Salem witch hysteria.

Front 5

Cotton Mather

Back 5

Multi-talented son of prominent Massachusetts Bay religious leader, he was a minister, doctor, and author of 400 books, including one that argued the validity of "spectral evidence," such as that used at the Salem witch trials.

Front 6

Jacob Leisler

Back 6

A German immigrant with Dutch ties, he seized New York City with a small army in 1689 after hearing of England's Glorious Revolution, was declared a rebel, tried, and executed.

Front 7

Bacon's Rebellion

Back 7

An armed rebellion in Virginia (1675-1676) led by Nathaniel Bacon against the colony's royal governor, Sir William Berkely.

Front 8

Dominion of New England

Back 8

Incorporation of the New England colonies under a single appointed royal governor that lasted from 1686-1689.

Front 9

Enumerated Goods

Back 9

Raw materials, such as tobacco, sugar, and rice, that were produced in the British colonies and under the Navigation Acts had to be shipped only to England or its colonies.

Front 10

Glorious Revolution

Back 10

Replacement of James II by William III and Mary II as English monarchs in 1688, marking the beginning of constitutional monarchy in Britan.

Front 11

Indentured Servants

Back 11

Persons who agreed to serve a master for a set number of years in exchange for the cost of transport to America. Indentured servitude was the dominant form of labor in the Chesapeake colonies before slavery.

Front 12

Mercantilism

Back 12

This assumed that the supply of wealth was fixed. To increase its wealth, a nation needed to export more goods than it imported. Favorable trade and protective economic policies and colonial possessions rich in raw materials were important in achieving this balance.

Front 13

Navigation Acts

Back 13

Commercial restrictions that regulated colonial commerce to favor England's accumulation of wealth.

Front 14

Royal African Company

Back 14

Slaving company created to meet colonial planters' demands for black laborers.

Front 15

Spectral Evidence

Back 15

In the Salem witch trials, the court allowed reports of dreams and visions in which the accused appeared as the devil's agent to be introduced as testimony. The accused had no defence against this kind of "evidence." When the judges later disallowed this testimony, the executions for witchcraft ended.

Front 16

Yeomen

Back 16

Southern small landholders who owned no slaves, and who lived primarily in the foothills of the Appalachian and Ozark mountains.

Front 17

1660

Back 17

Parliament passes First Navigation Act

Front 18

1663

Back 18

Parliament passes Second Navigation Act

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1675

Back 19

King Phillip's War devestates New England

Front 20

1676

Back 20

Bacon's Rebellion erupts in Virginia

Front 21

1684

Back 21

Massachusetts Bay Colony charter revoked

Front 22

1688

Back 22

James II deposed in Glorious Revolution

Front 23

1692

Back 23

Salem Village puts "witches" on trial.