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82 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Fighting the American Revolution |
-Methods: Pitched battles vs. guerrilla warfare(partisan warfare) -Red Coats: Brits / Brown Coats: Americans |
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Continental Army (Regular Army) |
-Forming a national army -Diet and living conditions >Joseph Martin's Reports |
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Battle of Saratoga |
-John Burgoyne: got lost trying to take over NY -Strategy of Attrition ~Slowly attacking & pushing and waiting for them to run out of supplies. -Starvation |
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Loyalists |
-Stayed loyal to britian during the war |
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Lord Dunmore's War |
-Slaves fought for the Brits |
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Peace of Paris |
-1783 -All land east of the Miss. River -Florida back to Spain -Collection of pre-war debt -American Indians get pushed further west |
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Articles of Confederation |
-John Dickenson -Principle of Majority Rule -State Sovereignty -Delegates appointed annually by state -Freedom of speech & debate -Established State militia -No war or alliances without congressional approval
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Northwest Ordinance |
-1787 -Established townships -transition from territory to statehood (5000 males -> elect state reps) (6000 total population -> statehood |
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Crisis of 1780's |
-War Debt: Devaluation of continentals/inflation/lack of specie -Trade concessions: 60% N. Exports to B.W. Indies/ British Occupation of the N.W/ American indian reaction (Joseph Brant & Alexander McGillary) |
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Joseph Brant |
Mohawk w/ Brit aid |
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Alexander McGillary |
Creek w/ spanish aid |
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Shay's Rebellion, 1786 |
-Daniel Shays , John Shattuck -Issue of debt and specie shortage |
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Constitutional Convention |
-1787 |
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Federalists |
Advocate for states to share power w/ the national government |
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Antifederalist |
Opposed the creation of a stronger federal government and opposed the ratification of the 1787 constitution |
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Washington's Presidency |
Very humble; sat back and let Alexander Hamilton do most of the work and decision making. |
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Alexander Hamilton |
-Secretary of Treasury (issue of debt) -Interest in baring bonds -Economic self-sufficency: focused on bringing manufacturing -Pay off foreign loans -The Bank of the United States (Not liked by Thomas Jefferson) -"For the people" |
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Whiskey Rebellion |
-Hamilton taxed 25% of value (caused tax evasion) -General Henry Lee -13,000 militia troops -2 convicted of treason and Washington pardons them because of "idiocy and insanity". |
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Jay Treaty, 1794 |
-Trade with Great Britain renewed -Pre-war debt = evacuation of the NW -impression on going |
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Pinckney Treaty, 1795 |
-Navigate via Miss. River & Settle boundary FL/GA } with spain |
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Thomas Jefferson |
-Democratic Republican Party -"By the people" - Secretary of State under George Washington |
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Democratic- Republicans |
-Government unresponsive to citizenry -Different style of representation |
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John Adams |
-Won the election of 1796 -Federalist - Vice President: Thomas Jefferson |
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Joyce Appleby |
-The Agrarian Myth - Jefferson -> progressive, food for the world, capitalistic |
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Louisiana Purchase, 1803 |
-Purpose: Cheap land bought for people - Exploration by Lewis & Clark -Fought over boundaries with Spain -Federalists concerned -Almost causes a war between Spain & the U.S. |
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War of 1812 |
-Warhawks: Henry Clay & John C. Calhoun ~British invation, 1814 -Treaty of Ghent ~Status quo antebellum -Ramifications ~Restored national confidence ~ encouraged expansion & self-sufficiency ~ Destroyed federalist party (Hartford convention, 1814) |
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Embargo Act, 1807 |
-Shuts down all foreign trade -Puts an embargo on ships that are already out |
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James Madison
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-Repealed Jefferson's Embargo in 1809 |
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James Monroe |
-Election of 1816 -New Industries -Internal improvements -2nd Bank of the U.S. 1816 |
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Hartford Convention |
Series of meetings in which the New England federalist party met to discuss their grievances concerning the ongoing war of 1812 & the problems arising in the federal government. |
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Industrial Revolution |
-The transition to new manufacturing processes in the period from about 1760 to sometimes between 1820 & 1840. -Cotton Gin & Steam Engine -Changes in meaning of time |
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Textile Factories |
-New England ~Not many in the South because they're mainly focused on agriculture. - |
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Thomas Dublin |
-Farm to Factory: Women at Work ~Women's letters written by thousands of single women who left New England to work in the factory towns of the region. |
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Ten Hour Movement |
-Strikes in the 1830s-1840s -Due to working conditions |
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Challenges to Family Authority |
-Economic independence -Delayed marriages due to the women working -Increased demands for privacy |
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Middle Class |
-Expansion of salaried positions ~managers, shop keepers, clerks |
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Mary Ryan |
-Cradle of the middle class ~Suburbs ~Limited family size -Sexual self-control & delayed marriages |
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Age of Reform |
-Fears of social disorder ~growth of urbanization ~ increased migration -Middle Class as moral police ~funds from the upper-class elites |
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Temperance Movement |
-Lots of alcohol consumption & conflicting with working |
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Crime, poverty, and insanity |
-Focus on environment -Rehabilitation -Asylums |
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Dorothea Dix,1843 |
Helped create asylums and institutions to help people with mental illnesses |
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Abolitionist Movement |
-The anti-slavery appeal ~moral order ~ending sin & abuse |
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American Colonization Society, 1817 |
-Founded to assist free black people in emigrating to Africa |
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William Lloyd Garrison |
-The liberator -Radical |
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Separate Spheres |
-Private: women at home -Public: men holding government positions, working, etc. |
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Declaration of Sentiments |
-Susan B. Anthony, Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Stanton -Signed by 100 out of 300 at the first women's rights convention to be organized by women |
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Andrew Jackson |
-Wanted to push the indians out -Created the Democratic Party: MAJORITY RULE -"Common Man" -First 'Modern' President -Abused his power to veto -Charistmatic |
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Democratic Party |
-Created by Andrew Jackson -Involved the people in the government -MAJORITY RULE |
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National Republicans |
-"Anti-Jacksonian" Party |
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Nullification Crisis |
-Tariff of 1828 (Abomination) -Favors the West -Helps the north - Nothing for the South |
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John C. Calhoun |
-Spoke out against the tariff of 1828 -says if the states do not like it, then they do not have to do it. -first VP to resign |
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Compromise Tariff, 1833 |
-Over a period of 9 years the tariff would slowly go away -Reduced the duties on imported goods, etc. |
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Force Bill |
-Passed in response to South Carolinas ordinance of nullification -Empowered Jackson to use the Navy & Army to enforce the laws of congress, if necessary. |
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The Bank War |
-Campaign begun by Andrew Jackson in 1833 to destroy the Second Bank of the U.S. |
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Whip Opposition |
-Opposed Jackson's perceived executive tyranny |
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Martin Van Buren |
-8th President of the U.S. -His policies were very unpopular & he failed to be elected another term as president. |
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Deborah White |
-Autonomy of slave women on large plantations -cooperation, ranking, sense of self -matrifocal |
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Kenneth Stampp |
-The Particular Institution -No paternalism -Exploitation: 18 hour work days |
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Task System |
-Trading, some income -Increase autonomy -created tension |
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Overwork system |
-Skilled labor -Purchasing Power -Greater Manumissions |
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Free Black Caste System |
-Migration to upper south or north -Discrimination from both -seen as a threat |
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Freedom Papers
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-Representation of being a free slave -Can easily be ripped up |
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Black Codes |
-Can't go out at night -Can't buy weaponry -Basically strict rules against blacks |
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Indian Removal Act, 1830 |
-Cession of tribal lands east of Miss. River. West lands set aside for only indians |
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Debates over Indian Removal |
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John Ross |
-Anti-Removal -Principle and chief of the cherokee nation |
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Major Ridge |
-Him, his son, and nephew sign the treaty of New Echota without the Cherokees knowing. |
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Trail of Tears, 1838 |
-4000 died (1/4 of Cherokee Nation) -The indians who stayed were killed |
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Transcontinental Treaty, 1819 |
-Negotiation boundaries between U.S and Spain -USA takes florida -boot of louisiana becomes the boundary line -Spain suffering economically |
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Missouri Compromise, 1820 |
-Number of slaves states vs. number of non-slave states |
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Federal Colonization Law, 1824 |
-Americans invited to settle Texas in order to help cultivate the land. -Had to swear the oath of allegiance & say that they're catholic -Land Grants to establish colonies |
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Empressarios |
-Stephen F. Austin: 300 Families by 1825 = Austin's Colony -Demands for good cotton land |
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Texas Revolution |
-November 1835 -Political upheaval due to dictatorship |
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Santa Anna |
Dictator of Texas/Mexico |
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Sam Houston |
-Leader of the commanding army |
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Annexation of Texas |
-Avoided by Jackson -Favored my Pres. James Polk -Annexed in 1845 |
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Manifest Destiny |
-Extending the area of freedom and democracy |
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Mexican- American War |
-Mexico Protests the Annexation -U.S offers $25 Mil. -General Zachary Taylor -Troops along Rio Grande Riv. -Santa Anna returns to command the troops -Offensive War |
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Zachary Taylor |
-General during the Mexican- American War and eventually elected president. -"War hero" |
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St. Patricks Battalion |
-Convince the Irish to fight with them because of better opportunities and treatment. -Gringo -Fails |
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Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, 1848 |
-U.S expands to the pacific |
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Impact of the Mexican- American War |
-Offensive War -Military training for civil war -Press coverage -Romanticized the idea of war |
