History 120 Final Exam

Front 1

By 1850, approximately how many slave owners owned 200 slaves or more?

Back 1

250

Front 2

Which statement describing the slave family is accurate?

Back 2

The slave family allowed for the transmission of slave culture from one generation to the next.

Front 3

At what age was a slave permitted by law to enter the plantation labor force?

Back 3

10 years old

Front 4

What enabled slave owners to think of themselves as kind, responsible masters even as they bought and sold their human property?

Back 4

Paternalism

Front 5

Denmark Vesey

Back 5

combined aspects of American and African culture.

Front 6

There were many forms of slave resistance. The most common was

Back 6

silent sabotage.

Front 7

Who was once a slave, became a leader of the abolitionist movement, and published his autobiography condemning slavery and racism?

Back 7

Frederick Douglass

Front 8

How did the utopian communities challenge existing ideas about property and marriage?

Back 8

Through their efforts the words "socialism" and "Communism" entered the language of politics. Most Utopian communities also tried to find substitutes for conventional gender relations. Some prohibited sex between men and women, others allowed them to change partners at will.

Front 9

how did the supporters and opponents of the temperance movement understand the meaning of freedom differently.

Back 9

One person's sin is another's pleasure or cherished custom. Those Americans who enjoyed sunday recreation or a stiff drink from time to time did not think they were any less moral than those who have been reborn and had abandoned drinking.

Front 10

justification/explanation of manifest destiny

Back 10

god had intended the American nation to reach all the way to the Pacific ocean.

Front 11

Critics of the Mexican war

Back 11

though most Americans supported the war many feared the expansion of slavery or were afraid America was becoming like the European monarchies by invading foreign soil and occupying another's capital city.

Front 12

redefining race

Back 12

Texas constitution protected slavery and denied civil rights to Indians and blacks. Only whites were permitted to purchase land, and entrance of free blacks into the state was prohibited.

Front 13

Northern economy

Back 13

by 1860, the North had become a complex, integrated economy, with eastern industrialists marketing manufactured goods to commercial farmers of the west, while residents of the region's growing cities consumed the food westerners produced.

Front 14

what made the civil war the first modern war

Back 14

Never before had mass armies confronted each other on the battlefield with deadly weapons created by the industrial revolution. It was the first war where troops and supplies were transported by railroads, and the use of the telegraph and observation balloon, and primitive grenades transformed warfare and tactics. The distinction of military and civilian targets slowly disappeared

Front 15

civil war and slavery (beginning)

Back 15

Lincoln initially insisted that slavery was irrelevant to the conflict. In the war's first year, his paramount cancerns were to keep the border slave states(Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri) in the union and to build the broadest base of support for the war effort.

Front 16

General Benjamin Butler

Back 16

the military adopted a policy by General Benjamin Butler that escaped slaves were to be treated as contraband of war. They were housed in "contraband camps" and educated in new "contraband schools" ;)

Front 17

steps toward Emancipation

Back 17

at first blacks determination to seize the opportunity presented by the war proved a burden to the army and an embarrassment. But the failure of traditional strategies to produce victory strengthen the case of anti-slavers. Since slavery was the foundation of southern economy, they insisted, emancipation was necessary to weaken the South's ability to wage war.

Front 18

emancipation proclamation

Back 18

the announcement made by President Lincoln during the Civil War on September 22, 1862, emancipating all black slaves in states still engaged in rebellion against the Union. Although implementation was strictly beyond Lincoln's powers, the declaration turned the war into a crusade against slavery. It went into effect on January 1, 1863.

Front 19

Lincoln's Vision

Back 19

the United States represented to the world the principle that government should rest on popular consent and that all men should be free. These ideals, Lincoln declared, allowed immigrants from abroad, who could not "trace their connection by blood" to this nation's birth, nonetheless to become fully American.

Front 20

black soldiers (south)

Back 20

As early as September 1863, a Mississippi newspaper argued for freeing and enlisting slaves "let them be declared free, placed in ranks, and told to fight for their homes and country." but slaveholders fiercely resisted this idea and the CSA rejected it. Not until march 1865,after General Lee had endorsed the plan, did the CSA authorize the arming of slaves.

Front 21

black soldiers (north)

Back 21

Most black soldiers were emancipated slaves from the south. By the end of the war more than 180,000 black men served In the Union army, and 24,000 in the navy, one third died from battle/wounds. In the army they received $10 compared to the white's $16.