History 101 Final

Front 1

Battle Of Adrianople

Back 1

(378 AD)
-Huns attack Visogoths, Visogoths petitioned Romans to settle as allies in the roman empire
-Poman officals tricked and cheated Visogoths
-Vigogoths rampaged
-East Rom. Emp. lost army and ruler in the battle

Front 2

Septimus Severus

Back 2

(r. 193-211)
-Campaigns against Partians and Germans
-Won Battle for the throne in 192
-created Donative= cash payment to soldiers if their general wins

Front 3

Roman Stoicism

Back 3

-Living a just life
-Constancy to duty
-Courage in adversity
-service to humanity

Front 4

Marcus Aurelius

Back 4

(r. 161-180)
-#5 of 5 good emporoers
-troubled by invasion of Parthians and Germans
-Wrote "Mediatations"
- stoic idealism and love of humanity
-Replaced lost pop. with germans who were recruited to fight

Front 5

Hadrian

Back 5

(r. 117-138)
-#3 of 5 good emporers
-stabalize boundaries of the empire
-put up walls in Germany and Britain
-Founded new cities
-restored old cities
-constructed public works:Pantheon

Front 6

Tacitus

Back 6

(55-117)
-#2 of 5 good emporers
-Wrote "Germania"
-Germans are like us, we used to be how they are now, we should go back to those ways...family oriented

Front 7

Pax Romana

Back 7

Roman Peace
-started under augustus and reached its peack under the 5 good emporers

Front 8

Renaissance

Back 8

1350-1650
-Rediscovery or culture

Front 9

Herold Godwinson

Back 9

-Claimed English kingdom in 1066 after
-defeated by william the conquorer at the battle of hastings

Front 10

Magna Carta

Back 10

-"The Great Charter"
-signed by john lackland
-guarantee certain feudal rights
-kings powers were limited, not absolute

Front 11

Hanseatic League

Back 11

Commercial League of mostly german cities ranging from english channel to baltic sea

Front 12

Wars of the roses

Back 12

(1455-1485)
-Civil war between yorkists & lancaster over succesion to english throne

Front 13

Henry VII Tudor

Back 13

(r. 1485-1509)
-Victory of bloody 30 yr. battle
-popular and effective monarch
-national unity and secrurity

Front 14

Hundred Years War

Back 14

(1337-1453)
-England vs. France
-warfare over english holdings and feudal claims in france

Front 15

Saladin

Back 15

-Sulton of Egypt and Syria
-Inspired 3rd Crusade in 1189
-Saladin vs. Richard the lion hearted
-agreed to 3 yr. truce and free access to jarusalem for christian pilgrimage

Front 16

Saracens

Back 16

7 major crusades and numerous small expeditions warred against the muslims

Front 17

Seljuk Turks

Back 17

-took over jarusalem preventing christian pilgrimage to see the holyland
-Abbisid Muslims

Front 18

Muhammed

Back 18

(570-632)
-"The Prophet"
-Born in arabia, orphaned
- created religion of islam
-converts= muslims
-the god= allah
-koran= book revelations

Front 19

Charles Martel

Back 19

-mayor of the palace in 714
-"The Hammer"
-Battle of tours vs. muslims
-victory-- saving chrisitanity
-heavy cavalry is effective
-invented stirrup and saddle
- increased knights

Front 20

Tetonic Knights

Back 20

-aimed to protect pilrgims
-didnt marry
-swore to poverty
-connections in europe
-main presence in holy land
-perpetual war against muslims

Front 21

Fedinand and Isabella

Back 21

-Of Castile
-Of Aragon
-United 2 powerful christian stand
-control most of Iberian peninsula
-dominant power in europe

Front 22

Lombard League

Back 22

-Cities in Northern Italy joined togeher to resist Fredrick I (barabarosa)

Front 23

Cicero

Back 23

Marcus Tullius Cicero
-one of the greatest masters of latin prose and an outstanding intellectual force in Roman History
-wrote philosophy political theory, rhetoric
-passed onto the romans and later ages of greek thought

Front 24

Caliphate of Cordova

Back 24

-ruled Iberian Peninsula from 929-1031
-Umayyad Dynasty

Front 25

Plantagenets

Back 25

-combined Norman institution with AngloSaxxons
-desended from william the conquorer
-came to rule the angevine kingdom

Front 26

Parliment

Back 26

-English Representative Assembly
-Fromed in 1295 by Edward I

Front 27

Fredrick II

Back 27

-King of the 2 Sicilies
-oragnized and led 6th crusade
-excommunicated 2 times for the same thing
-Holy Roman Empire

Front 28

Decentralization

Back 28

-to distribute adminstrative functions of powers of a central authority among several local authorities
-redistribution of an urban population and industry to suburban local authorities

Front 29

Nation-state

Back 29

-poitical unit
-state inhabited by a group of ppl sharing a common nationality

Front 30

Fortified Place

Back 30

-place protected against attack
-strong
-miliatary works

Front 31

Crusaders

Back 31

-Lating Kingdom of Jarusalem
-County of Tripolis
-Principality of
-Edessa

Front 32

Vassal

Back 32

-promise to lord he would remain loyal
-primary duty is milarty serivce
-could assit in rendering justice
-rights to demand $$ (aids)

Front 33

Fief

Back 33

-grant made to vassal in exchange for military serivice
-income of land= income to vassal

Front 34

Lord

Back 34

*or Suzerain
-ruler that exercises political control over a dependent state

Front 35

Subinfudation

Back 35

feudal hierarchy:
King-Kingdom
Duke- Dukedom
Count-County
Barron-Barrony
Knight-Kightly fief
Lord
Vassal
Serfs or Coloni } 90% of pop.

Front 36

Chivalry

Back 36

System of ethical ideals
-gentlemanly conduct
-valor
-honor
-courtesy
-loyalty
-gallantry towanrd women
(traces back to illiad and odessy)

Front 37

Heraldry

Back 37

-Coat of arms that identified you on a battlefield

Front 38

Feudalism

Back 38

-type of gov't where political power in exercised locally by private individuals rathers than agents of a centralized state (800-1000)

Front 39

Margrave

Back 39

supervise or "Kings Envoy"

Front 40

Missi Dominici

Back 40

or MarkGraft

Front 41

Karl Der Grosse
Charlemagne
Charles The Great

Back 41

(r.768-814)
-king of Franks and Holy Roman Empire
-Carolingian
-Empire in 300 divisions under a count/graft
-capitol= New Rome
-not sophisticated gov't
-he choose all the officials

Front 42

Bourgeoise

Back 42

-Rise in middle/merchant class
"$ class"

Front 43

Hosptitaller Knights

Back 43

-cared for sick knights
-13th cent.

Front 44

Templar Knights

Back 44

-semi monastic
-helped develop holy lands
-headquarters were an old temple site of jarusalem
-military orders

Front 45

Alfred the Great

Back 45

(849-899)
-King of Anglo Saxxon, Wessex
-defeated against Danish Vikings

Front 46

King Arthur

Back 46

-leader during invading Anglosaxons
-Knights of round table
-associated code of chivalry
-Excalibur
-Camelot

Front 47

Robert Guiscard

Back 47

(1015-1085)
-Norman Adventurer
-Conquest of Southern Italy and Sicily
-Count and Duke

Front 48

Franks and Christianity

Back 48

-strongest of germanic tribes
-Alamani= tribe of the allmen, were arian christians
"jesus is a warrior god"

Front 49

Clovis I

Back 49

(r. 481-511)
-merovingian Dynasty
-united franks
-only orthadox christian ruler in the west
-occupied paris and gaul

Front 50

Germans and the Roman Empire

Back 50

-faced eachother across the rhine-Danube River
-rome traded into germany
-germans entered rome as slaves
-germans settled on vacated land and served in roman army
-kept in check by arms, walls, diplomacy and gifts

Front 51

Constatine the Great

Back 51

(306-337)
-favors christianity
-collected taxes
-decrees= tied ppl to their land and occupation
-rome is longer the capitol...its moved to Byzantium and renamed Constantinople

Front 52

Flavian Dynasty

Back 52

(69-93)
Vespian (2 sons)
1. Titus
2. Domitian
-autocratic rulers
-right of conquest and inhiertiance

Front 53

Diocletian

Back 53

(285-305)
-"Most Sacred Lord"
-reestabolish boundaries
-reconstruct empire
-issued new coins based on gold ans silver
-price and wage freeze
-gave away the west rome
-kept east b.c it needed the most work
-retired in 305

Front 54

Economic Problems Of later Roman Empire

Back 54

-overproduction
-loans at a 5% interest rate
-drain of $ to east to purchase luxury silks and spices
-monetary inflation

Front 55

Antonine

Back 55

1.Livy
2. Tacitus
3.Hadrian
4.
5. marcus aurelius