Historical Theology 2 Exam 2

Front 1

Solomon Stoddard

Back 1

pastor of the church in Northampton, a post he held for 55 years, noted the growing spiritual decline of the Puritans in New England Stoddard is generally credited with the Halfway Covenant, which was an attempt to incorporate nominal Christians into the life of the church, grandfather of Edwards

Front 2

Halfway Covenant

Back 2

provided partial church membership for people who followed the rules and creeds of the church (provided they had been baptized as babies), even if they did not profess to be converted, Solomon Stoddard’s attempt to reach a compromised position, allowed anyone to participate in the Lord’s Table

Front 3

John Wesley

Back 3

founder of Methodism, ministered in England, Arminianism, Perfectionist

Front 4

Jonathan Edwards

Back 4

Solomon Stoddard’s grandson, president of Princeton Univ., died from smallpox, emotions are not the sign, "Sinners in the hands of an Angry God"

Front 5

Religious Affections

Back 5

Jonathan Edwards treatise, defense of the Great Awakening, the fruit is the sure sign of genuine conversion and repentance

Front 6

Freedom of the Will

Back 6

critique of Arminianism, by Jonathan Edwards only God has free will, human apparent free will, compatibilist view

Front 7

Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God

Back 7

Edward’s most famous sermon preached in Enfield, Connecticut in 1741

Front 8

Charles Wesley

Back 8

wrote 6,000 hymns, brother of John Wesley, founded Holy Club

Front 9

George Whitefield

Back 9

key in English revival with John & Charles Wesley, great evangelist, Great Awakening

Front 10

Methodists

Back 10

were legalists that met in Oxford, methodical approach to living

Front 11

Oxford University

Back 11

Charles, John Wesley and George Whitefield attended

Front 12

Holy Club

Back 12

set up by John and Charles Wesley

Front 13

Henry Scougal

Back 13

Scottish theologian, wrote "The Life of God in the Soul of Man"

Front 14

Sophy Hopkey

Back 14

the girl that John Wesley met in Georgia

Front 15

Mary Vazeille

Back 15

John Wesley’s wife, ended in separation

Front 16

Gilbert Tennent

Back 16

New Light Puritan preacher, accused any detractor not saved

Front 17

David Brainerd

Back 17

influenced Edwards greatly, missionary to the native American tribes, stayed with the Edwards family, sparked the modern missions movement, died at age 29

Front 18

New Light Presbyterians

Back 18

supporters of Great Awakening

Front 19

Old Light Presbyterians

Back 19

criticize revival, emotions

Front 20

Yale

Back 20

Jonathan Edwards attended and graduated head of his class, distinguishing marks of the true work of the Spirit of God,

Front 21

Princeton (College of New Jersey)

Back 21

Jonathan Edwards & Jonathan Dickinson became president of what is now _______________ Univ.

Front 22

Northampton, Mass.

Back 22

location of Jonathan Edwards church, Solomon Stoddard, ministry of David Brainerd

Front 23

Enfield, Conn.

Back 23

where sermon “sinners in the hands of an angry God” was preached

Front 24

New Haven, Conn.

Back 24

Edwards first 21 resolutions written in ___________, where Yale is

Front 25

Stockbridge, Mass.

Back 25

Edwards became a pastor here after he was fired, became missionary to the Indian tribe

Front 26

Samuel Davies

Back 26

one of the presidents of Princeton (New Jersey)

Front 27

John Witherspoon

Back 27

Scottish minister, president of Princeton (25+yrs) , brings stability, periods of revival on campus, signed Declaration

Front 28

John McMillan

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student of Princeton, starts a college in Pittsburg, Penn., apostle to the West

Front 29

Princeton Theological Seminary

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separate from University

Front 30

Archibald Alexander

Back 30

co-founder of newly formed Princeton Seminary, sought to stand against Finney and New Divinity, mentor of Charles Hodge

Front 31

Charles Hodge

Back 31

American theologian, principal of Princeton Seminary, wrote Systematic Theology in English

Front 32

Ashbel Green

Back 32

president of Princeton Univ.

Front 33

James M’Gready

Back 33

student of John McMillan, goes to Kentucky and begins to hold church services outside “camp meetings”

Front 34

Francis Asbury

Back 34

John Wesley’s successor in America, the father of American Methodism, itinerant preacher, he clocked more than 300,000 on horseback

Front 35

Peter Cartwright

Back 35

Methodist evangelist, wrote "John Calvin and the Devil"

Front 36

Camp Meetings

Back 36

church services held outside, resulted in disorderly atmosphere

Front 37

Charles Finney

Back 37

revival of Methodism, evangelist, revival is something that can be planned

Front 38

New Measures

Back 38

defended by Finney, necessary part of his evangelistic technique, redefines conversion, man’s will is not corrupt, you don’t need a new nature to be saved,

Front 39

Asahel Nettleton

Back 39

New England pastor, opposed to Finney, revival is an unexpected work of God

Front 40

Lyman Beecher

Back 40

New England pastor, opposed to then would later come to support Finney

Front 41

Gardiner Spring

Back 41

New England pastor (New York City), critical of Finney

Front 42

Nathaniel Taylor

Back 42

a professor of theology at Yale Divinity School, tried to combat Unitarianism by softening Calvinism, willing to abandon total depravity

Front 43

New Divinity

Back 43

opposition to Calvinism, started by Taylor

Front 44

Rene Descartes

Back 44

dutch philosopher, I think therefore I am , rationalism (reason)

Front 45

John Locke

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invented empiricism (scientific method)

Front 46

The Age of Enlightenment

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resulted in rationalism and romanticism, rise of rational skepticism, the message of the Bible began to come under attack

Front 47

Rationalism

Back 47

elevation of human reason and science

Front 48

Romanticism

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elevation of human feeling and emotion, experiences, safeguarded by bill of rights

Front 49

Deism

Back 49

version of atheism, existence of a creator then he walked away

Front 50

Baruch Spinoza

Back 50

Dutch/Jewish philosopher, rejected the doctrine of biblical inspiration and inerrancy, the Bible ought to be evaluated and criticized like any other literary work, taught that god was an impersonal and abstract force

Front 51

Johann Eichhorn

Back 51

taught in Germany, father of modern OT criticism, introduced redactors, taught naturalism as a way to explain everything supernatural recorded in the OT, the synoptic gospels were based on an earlier Aramaic gospel

Front 52

Friedrich Schleiermacher

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the father of liberal theology and the father of modern protestant theology, influenced by Pietism, attended Univ. of Halle (rationalist influence) and introduced to historical criticism, skepticism led to rejection of orthodox Christianity, influenced by Immanuel Kant, romanticism

Front 53

Ferdinand C.Bauer

Back 53

head of the Tubingen School of theology, applied Hegelian Dialetics after Georg Hegel consisting of thesis, antithesis, synthesis, to argue that second century Christianity was a synthesis between Jewish Christianity (led by Peter) and an opposing version of Christianity (led by Paul)

Front 54

Georg W. F.Hegel

Back 54

taught Acts, Epistles, John all inventions of the church in 2nd century, applied Hegelian Dialetics

Front 55

Hegelian Dialectics

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named after Georg W. F. Hegel, Ferdinand Christian Baur applied this, consisted of thesis, antithesis, synthesis

Front 56

David F. Strauss

Back 56

student under Schleiermacher and Hegel, pioneer in the quest for the historical Jesus, The Life of Jesus, Critically Examined, influenced Jowett

Front 57

Quest for the Historical Jesus

Back 57

the Jesus of history is recovered and differentiated from the mythological Jesus of the Bible (Jesus of faith) authored by David F. Strauss, undermines historical veracity of Jesus

Front 58

Benjamin Jowett

Back 58

Anglican priest, Greek professor, The Epistles of St. Paul, followed David F. Strauss and denied historical Jesus, wrote "Essays and Reviews"

Front 59

Charles Darwin

Back 59

1815-Origin of Species, evolutionary biology

Front 60

Albrecht Ritschl

Back 60

Christianity based on social ethics, influenced by Kant and Schleiermacher, The Christian Doctrine of Justification and Reconciliation (social gospel), social justice, social founder

Front 61

Julius Wellhausen

Back 61

JEDP theory, pioneer of source criticism, Prologue to the History of Israel, laid out the Documentary Hypothesis, argued that the Pentateuch was not written by Moses

Front 62

Documentary Hypothesis

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gave chronological order to the supposed sources that contributed to the Pentateuch (in source criticism), JEDP

Front 63

Adolf von Harnack

Back 63

interested in the effects of Greek, Hellenistic thought on early Christian tradition, emphasis on church history, Jesus was just a nice guy who was misunderstood, liberal gospel, peeling back the layers of corn to get to the kernel of truth

Front 64

Hermann Gunkel

Back 64

son of a German Lutheran pastor, the originator of Form Criticism (classified Scripture into units based on similar literary patterns), assumes that the Bible is a collection of various oral traditions

Front 65

Rudolf Bultmann

Back 65

son of a Lutheran minister in Germany, student of Gunkel and adopted Gunkel’s form criticism, History of the Synoptic Tradition, Signs Gospel, demythologizing the gospel

Front 66

Source Criticism

Back 66

looks at beginning, multiple sources

Front 67

Form Criticism

Back 67

looks at end result

Front 68

Redaction Criticism

Back 68

middle, number of editors

Front 69

Neo-Orthodoxy

Back 69

response to liberalism, not quite all the way back to orthodoxy

Front 70

Karl Barth

Back 70

opponent of liberal theology, introduced neo-orthodoxy, the Word of God is not the Bible, the Word of God involves a mystical relationship with God, denies the bodily resurrection of Christ

Front 71

Emil Brunner

Back 71

opponent of liberal theology, neo-orthodoxy, Taught at Zurich, Switzerland at the same time Barth taught at Basel, Was a theistic evolutionist, Accepted Higher Criticism of the biblical documents, Brunner rejected Barth’s total rejection of natural theology. Brunner believed that natural theology still had an important role, Brunner argued for a “point of contact” for the Gospel in human nature.

Front 72

John Elliot

Back 72

apostle to the Indians in New England, “Indian Apostle”, published a translation of the Bible into the Algonquian language

Front 73

Thomas Mayhew

Back 73

witnessed to the Indians, first to colonize Martha’s Vineyard

Front 74

David Brainerd

Back 74

evangelist to the Indians, biography by Edwards, One of the most famous of the early missionaries to the native American

Front 75

Jonathan Edwards

Back 75

Edwards began missionary work among the Housatonic Indians of Stockbridge, Masachusetts, Jonathan Edwards is considered by some historians to be the “grandfather of modern missions

Front 76

William Carey

Back 76

shoe cobbler, “father of modern missions”; he helped found the Baptist Missionary Society (among Particular [or Calvinistic] Baptists), An Enquiry into the Obligations of Christians to Use Means for the Conversion of the Heathen.

Front 77

Adoniram Judson

Back 77

American missionary, Burma, He was a Congregationalist at the time, but would become a Baptist (during the voyage to India)

Front 78

J. Hudson Taylor

Back 78

first missionary to China, China inland mission

Front 79

David Livingstone

Back 79

missionary to Africa

Front 80

Mormonism

Back 80

Latter-Day Saints, accept the book of Mormon, the pearl of great price, and the doctrines and covenants along with the Bible, low view of Christ, polytheistic, practiced polygamy, believes in baptism for the dead

Front 81

Joseph Smith

Back 81

dug up a book of thin golden plates, translated and published the book as The Book of Mormon, killed at Nauvoo by a mob who hated his doctrine of polygamy

Front 82

Brigham Young

Back 82

the Mormons migrated to Utah, under the leadership of Brigham Young, Salt Lake City became the center of the Church of JC of Latter-day Saints, 50 wives

Front 83

Seventh-Day Adventists

Back 83

cult, mosaic law requirements, started by William Miller

Front 84

William Miller

Back 84

founder of Seventh-Day Adventists, a farmer, studied Daniel and Revelation, concluded that Christ would return to earth; sold possessions and waited

Front 85

Ellen G. White

Back 85

Her prophecies were instrumental in the Adventist movement

Front 86

Christian Science

Back 86

urban sect, healing by mental assent to truth that denied the reality of both illness and matter, CSA formed,

Front 87

Mary Baker Eddy

Back 87

founded Christian Science, became depressed and sick, set up a practice and imparted this knowledge in a series of lessons, published Science and Health

Front 88

Jehovah’s Witnesses

Back 88

watchtower society, came out of the Bible Student Movement, started by Charles Taze Russell, invisible return, heavenly resurrection of 144,000, deny deity of Christ

Front 89

Charles Taze Russell

Back 89

founder of Jehovah Witnesses, published Zion’s watch tower and herald of Christ’s Kingdom, invisible return, heavenly resurrection of 144,000, deny deity of Christ

Front 90

Zion’s Watch Tower Tract Society

Back 90

Russell started this for Jehovah's Witness publications

Front 91

Temperance Movement

Back 91

tried to get right of alcohol, believed that the creeds of church history were full of error and the church needed to be restored to its true, primitive teachings, late 18th century

Front 92

Benjamin Rush

Back 92

medical doctor, alcohol is not good for your health, temperance movement to try to rid society of alcohol

Front 93

Goodwill

Back 93

started as parachurch ministries, work in America shortly after its founding in England, Street meetings, social settlements, homes, nurseries

Front 94

Salvation Army

Back 94

founded in England by former Pastor William Booth in 1865

Front 95

YMCA

Back 95

founded by Londoner George Williams in 1844

Front 96

Social Gospel

Back 96

grew out of the theology of Albrecht Ritschl, Society could and should be thoroughly reformed by Christianity, Called on the churches to speak out against the major evils of the day

Front 97

Washington Gladden

Back 97

American father of social gospel, he tried to apply Christian principles to the social and economic situation in the United States, Working People and Their Employers, Applied Christianity, Social Salvation

Front 98

Charles Sheldon

Back 98

book in his steps, what would Jesus do, Main popularizer of the feelings of the Social Gospel to the common people

Front 99

Walter Rauschenbusch

Back 99

"the social crisis", Most influential, German-American Baptist, professor of church history at Colgate Rochester Theological Seminary, Like Ritschl, his central concept was the Kingdom of god, social order, social gospel

Front 100

Theological liberalism

Back 100

is the doctrinal viewpoint that (a) rejects the full inspiration and inerrancy of the Bible, (b) with the result that major doctrines of the Bible (Deity of Christ, virgin birth, etc.) are either denied or compromised.

Front 101

Harry Emerson Fosdick

Back 101

liberal, Presbyterian pastor, "shall the fundamentalist win?"

Front 102

Pentecostalism

Back 102

started by Parham

Front 103

Charles Parham

Back 103

founder, American Pentecostal pioneer and author, believed that evidence of the Holy Spirit’s power in a person’s life was evidenced by speaking in tongues

Front 104

Agnes Ozman

Back 104

began speaking in the Chinese language

Front 105

Topeka, KS

Back 105

place of Bible institute in Fall 190

Front 106

Azusa Street Revival

Back 106

In 1906 tongues were spoken at Azusa Street in Los Angeles

Front 107

William J. Seymour

Back 107

took teaching to LA, in 1906 beginning of Pentecostal movement, One of Parham’s students

Front 108

Charismatic Renewal

Back 108

1960’s second wave

Front 109

St. Mark’s Episcopal Church

Back 109

It started at an Episcopalian Church. St. Mark’s church, Dennis Bennett as rector

Front 110

Van Nuys, CA

Back 110

In 1960 in Van Nuys, CA the modern Charismatic movement began

Front 111

Dennis Bennett

Back 111

began speaking in tongues

Front 112

Third Wave

Back 112

Pasadena, This is a movement that began in the 1980s that was closely associated with the ministry of John Wimber and the Vineyard Movement. Other key leaders include C. Peter Wagner and Paul Cain

Front 113

John Wimber

Back 113

teach class on miracles

Front 114

C. Peter Wagner

Back 114

Peter Wagner coined the phrase “third wave”

Front 115

New Haven Theology

Back 115

Taylorism, For those who found Old Calvinism hard to embrace

Front 116

Nathaniel Taylor

Back 116

Rejected the doctrine of imputation, Charles Hodge opposed him

Front 117

Progressive Orthodoxy

Back 117

Horace Bushnell, denied tenants of Christian faith, liberalism on American soil

Front 118

Horace Bushnell

Back 118

student of Taylor, brought Progressive orthodoxy, God in Christ (1849), Christ in Theology (1851), and Christian Nurture (1847).

Front 119

Princeton Theology

Back 119

response of conservatives at Princeton seminary, Princeton theology was “a scholarly, logical, luminous and warmhearted reproduction of the Calvinism of the seventeenth century as laid down in the Westminster standards of 1647

Front 120

Archibald Alexander

Back 120

Princeton, founded school, Used Francis Turretin’s theology book for a textbook

Front 121

Charles Hodge

Back 121

Founded the distinguished Biblical Repertory and Princeton Review in 1825, moderator of the old assembly, systematic theology

Front 122

A. A. Hodge

Back 122

Served as a missionary to India and a pastor, Served 12 years at Allegheny Seminary as Professor of systematic theology, Co-author with B. B. Warfield of an important essay on inerrancy, published Outlines in Theology

Front 123

B. B. Warfield

Back 123

Succeeded A. A. Hodge as Professor of Didactic and Polemic Theology at Princeton, Wrote “an incredible number of articles, review, and monographs for both popular and scholarly forums

Front 124

D. L. Moody

Back 124

revivalist, Moody moved to Chicago and joined the Plymouth Congregational Church where he began teaching a children’s Sunday school class. He also became active in the YMCA, llinois Street Church, Chicago YMCA,

Front 125

Sam Jones

Back 125

A Georgia lawyer, excessive drinker, left legal career, Eventually went into a lay ministry with the southern Methodists, Became a circuit rider in Georgia

Front 126

Rodney “Gypsy” Smith

Back 126

Joined the Salvation Army and served as a Captain, Began evangelistic ministry, and in 1889, went to America on an evangelistic tour, Joined Manchester Wesleyan Mission, and later worked with the YMCA, made 40 campaigns

Front 127

Billy Sunday

Back 127

former baseball player, preached against the devil, dancing, booze

Front 128

A. J. Gordon

Back 128

pastors, Clarendon Street Church, Boston, Founded and edited a periodical, The Watchword, Boston Missionary Training School (Gordon Bible College),

Front 129

James H. Brooks

Back 129

pastors, Grandfather was president of Hampden Sidney College, Founder of the Niagara Bible Conference, teacher of Scofield

Front 130

C. I. Scofield

Back 130

pastors, reference bible, Helped found Philadelphia Bible Institute

Front 131

Niagara Bible Conference

Back 131

met every year for about 25 years, created a 14 point creed, Began with a small bible study in 1875 near Chicago, led by J. H. Brookes

Front 132

Northfield Conferences

Back 132

Started in 1880 by D. L. Moody

Front 133

Moody Bible Institute

Back 133

pg. 312, started by Moody, Originally founded as Chicago Bible Institute

Front 134

Bible Institute of Los Angeles

Back 134

(BIOLA) RA Torrey

Front 135

The Fundamentals

Back 135

espoused and fought for the 5 fundamentals, secondary separation, first coined by Curtis Lee Laws

Front 136

Charles A. Briggs

Back 136

Presbyterian seminary professors, denied inerrancy, defrocked and dismissed, heresy trials

Front 137

Henry P. Smith

Back 137

denied inerrancy,Professor of church history at Hebrew at Lane Theological Seminary, charged with heresy on inspiration and suspended from the Presbyterian ministry

Front 138

A. C. McGiffert

Back 138

denied inerrancy,Presbyterian Professor at Lane Seminary, 1888-93, and Union Seminary, published A History of Christianity in the Apostolic Age

Front 139

William Jennings Bryan

Back 139

was the legal prosecutor against John T Scopes, represented Fundamental Christians

Front 140

J. Gresham Machen

Back 140

fought to get liberals out of PCUSA, left Princeton, Professor and co-founder of Westminster Seminary

Front 141

Princeton Theological Seminary

Back 141

Machen left ____________ started Westminister

Front 142

Westminster Theological Seminary

Back 142

Machen leaves Princeton to start ____________

Front 143

General Association of Regular Baptists

Back 143

under leadership of Robert Ketcham

Front 144

Conservative Baptist Association

Back 144

started as a result of fundamentalism

Front 145

Orthodox Presbyterian Church

Back 145

Machen had presented concrete evidence of liberalism within the Presbyterian Board, But instead of dealing with the liberalism, the Presbyterian church brought charges against Machen, Woodbridge, and Carl McIntire. Defrocked them in 1935, took up the support of Westminster

Front 146

Bible Presbyterian Church

Back 146

The OPC was made up of two groups which corresponded to the Old School and New School divisions, in May, 1937, fourteen ministers and three elders withdrew to form the Bible Presbyterian Synod

Front 147

Reformed Presbyterian Church, Evangelical Synod

Back 147

Laird Harris and J. O. Buswell split from McIntire, and formed the Evangelical Presbyterian Church, this Presbyterian Church merged with the Reformed Presbyterian in North America, General Synod--to form the Reformed Presbyterian Church, Evangelical Synod

Front 148

Presbyterian Church in America

Back 148

Split from the liberal Presbyterian Church in the U.S. (Southern Presbyterian Church), Reformed Presbyterian Church, Evangelical Synod merged with the PCA

Front 149

Independent Fundamentalist Churches of America

Back 149

now non-denominational

Front 150

American Council of Christian Churches

Back 150

fundamentalist group, hyper-separatist, started by McIntire

Front 151

National Association of Evangelicals

Back 151

younger fundamentalist, disagreements regarding the application of separation led to the establishment of this organization, evangelicalism started, split historic fundamentalism into two groups: new evangelicals (NAE) and separatist fundamentalists (ACCC)

Front 152

Carl McIntire

Back 152

helped organized the ACCC

Front 153

John R. Rice

Back 153

advocate of Billy Graham, had to abandon later

Front 154

The Sword of the Lord

Back 154

magazine published by John. R. Rice

Front 155

Bob Jones Sr.

Back 155

Methodist, fundamentalist opposed secondary separation, Bob Jones Univ.

Front 156

Harold John Ockenga

Back 156

first president of NAE, first president of Fuller Seminary, influence on Billy Graham, later becomes president of Gordon Conwell Seminary

Front 157

Fuller Theological Seminary

Back 157

original evangelical school, Caltech of theology, quest for influence led to their decline,

Front 158

Trinity Evangelical Divinity School

Back 158

faculty left Fuller to start this school

Front 159

Gordon Conwell Theological Seminary

Back 159

where Ockenga went after leaving Fuller

Front 160

Carl F. H. Henry

Back 160

Served as first editor-in-chief of Christianity Today, helped begin the National Association of Evangelicals, helped establish Fuller, Henry's magnum opus was a six-volume work entitled God, Revelation, and Authority

Front 161

E. J. Carnell

Back 161

2nd president of Fuller, Carnell wrote on how technology could be used to promote Christianity, The Case for Orthodox Theology

Front 162

Billy Graham

Back 162

grew up in fundamentalism, turned his back and began to work with liberals

Front 163

Christianity Today

Back 163

magazine started by Billy Graham

Front 164

The Master’s Seminary -

Back 164

founded in 1986 by John MacArthur in Sun Valley, CA