Historical And Political Figures

Front 1

Salvador Allende

Back 1

Chilean political leader
first socialist to be elected chilean president. (early 1970s)
nationalized businesses
killed during coup perhaps prompted by CIA

Hint 1

Chilean socialist leader

Front 2

Fidel Castro

Back 2

marxist/leninist leader of cuba
led guerilla insurgency which overthrew dictatorship of batista in 1959 and resulted in communist government led by castro
held political power until 2008

Hint 2

Cuban marxist revolutionary

Front 3

Chiang Kai-shek

Back 3

chinese military leader
participated in revolts against manchu dynasty
became leader of modern china in 1920
led china in resistence to communist guerillas and japanese agression
fled to taiwan where he established a modernizing government

Hint 3

chinese military leader against communism

Front 4

Winston Churchill

Back 4

British leader and member of british nobility
entered parliament at age 26 and became prime minister at the beginning of WW2
coined the word iron curtain

Hint 4

british prime minister during WW2

Front 5

Dalai Lama

Back 5

spiritual leader of tibetan people
considered the 14th incarnation of avalokistevara
fled to india when china took control of tibet in 1959
advocated for human rights and independence of tibet through peaceful means
won nobel peace prize

Hint 5

tibetan spiritual figure

Front 6

Dwight Eisenhower

Back 6

military and political leader during WW2
supreme allied commander
US president for 2 terms between 1953-61
during presidency, building of US interstate highway mccarthyism and brown vs board of education

Hint 6

US president, military political leader

Front 7

Indira Gandhi

Back 7

Indian female prime minister from 1966-77 and 80-84
rule is remembered for india's military defeat of pakistan in 1971
assiassinated by her sikh bodyguards in the aftermath of a controversial assault on the sikh shrine at amritsar

Hint 7

Female prime minister of india

Front 8

Mahatma Gandhi

Back 8

Indian lawyer and nationalist leader whoo established india's independence from britain nationwide movement of peaceful resistence
fought against poverty and the caste system
inspired nonviolent movements throughout the world

Hint 8

nonviolence activist leader of india

Front 9

Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev

Back 9

Soviet political leader and reformer
joined communist party and rose to its central committee by 1971
led campaign of perestroika (reconstructing) and glasnot (openness)
led to dismantling of the soviet union

Hint 9

USSR communist leader (perestroika and glasnot)

Front 10

Che Guevarra

Back 10

Born in argentina
travelled throughout south america and settled in guatemala and learned marxist theory
exhiled from guatemala and helped castro train guerilla soldiers to take over cuba
captured and shot in an attempt to revolutionize bolivia

Hint 10

marxist revolutionary from argentina who worked in conjunction with Castro in cuba

Front 11

Vaclev Havel

Back 11

Last president of czechoslovakia, 1st of the czech republic
prominent writer and dramatist
wrote against communist policies
imprisoned for political writings and activism
led velvet revolution which brought an end to communist rule
subsequently elected president

Hint 11

anti-communist president of the Czech republic

Front 12

Adolf Hitler

Back 12

Founder and dictator of germany's third reich
founder and leader of nazi party
promoted anti-semitism
german "natural superiority"
ordered construction of concentrarion camps and responsible for the death of 6 million jews during WW2

Hint 12

leader of the nazi party in germany

Front 13

Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini

Back 13

iranian shiite muslim religious leader
criticized iranian shah and subsequently was led to exhile
forced to leave by saddam hussein and moved to france
directed strike and revolution that deposed muhammad reza shah pahlevi
returned to iran in 1979 to declare an islamic republic and became the supreme reeligious and political ruler of iran

Hint 13

iranian shiite muslim leader

Front 14

Vladimir Lenin

Back 14

russian revolutionary thinker, writer and leader
founder of the russian communist party
studied law and lived in exhile from 1875-1917
consequent to bolshevik russian revolution to overthrow czar
became rusia's first head of stae
policies influenced communism and shaped global marxism

Hint 14

russian marxist revolutionary, overthrew czar

Front 15

Nelson Mandela

Back 15

South african anti-apartheid political leader
born into a xhosa family
law degree and became leading activist against white s. african regime
imprisoned from 1962-90
upon release, negotiated transition to representative democracy
became first president of new s. africa
won the nobel peace prize

Hint 15

s. african anti-apartheid leader

Front 16

Mao Zedong

Back 16

chinese marxist theorist, soldier and political leader
led legendary peasant revolution featuring the "long march" and took control of china
revolutionized, organized and collectivized peasants and cost many lives
created cult of personality around himself and "little red book"
directed intellectual and cultural repressions

Hint 16

chinese marxist theorist and political leader

Front 17

Ho Chi MInh

Back 17

eruopean-educated vietnamese nationalist who formed vietnam independence league
after WW2 he and his soldiers defeated french colonial regime that resulted in division of vietnam
as president of n. vietnam, he led a revolt against s. vietnam that ultimately resulted in defeat of the US and the unification of vietnam

Hint 17

north-vietnmese who formed vietnam independence league

Front 18

Kwame Nkrumah

Back 18

african political leader, prime minister and president educated in the US
and england
helped organize pan african conference of 1945
founded convention peoples party and led resistence to british colonial rule of the gold cost (now ghana)
helped found organization of african unity and formed a one-party state state with himself as president for life
overthrown and exhiled in guinea until death
died in romania

Hint 18

african political leader, organizer of the pan african conference

Front 19

Franklin D Roosevelt

Back 19

32nd president of the US
first served as NY senator and governor and served 4 terms as president (1933-1045)
suffered from polio
instituted new deal program that worked to bring US out of depression

Hint 19

32nd US president, new deal creator

Front 20

Leopold Senghor

Back 20

born in french west africa
poet, statesman and president of senegal from 1960-80
won a scholarship to france where he helped formulate the concept of "negritude"
worked for african unity and modernization
published volumes of poetry, cultural essays blending african and european thought

Hint 20

senegalese president, worked toward african unity and modernization

Front 21

Joseph Stalin

Back 21

born in georgia, russian empire
early assistent to lenin in formation of the soviet union
despotic ruler who presided over faines, state terror and victory over germany in WW2

Hint 21

Russian communist leader, assistent to lenin

Front 22

Margaret Thatcher

Back 22

British politician educated at oxford
chemist who became inbolved in politics
led britain to a more severe, individualistic, less state run economy and society
leading conservative of the 1980s
fought against argentina to retain the falkland islands

Hint 22

first female british prime minister

Front 23

Thomas Woodrow Wilson

Back 23

28th president fo the US
led US into WW1 and became creator and leading adbocate of the league of nations
awarded nobel peace prize
during presidency, US constitution granting voting rights for women was adopted

Hint 23

28th US president, founder of the league of nations

Front 24

Malcolm X

Back 24

african-american political leader
malcolm little changed surname to x to symbolize lost african identity
served 7 year prison sentence and joined nation of islam
became a leader of the Nation of Islam
travelled to mecca, renounced violence and changed his name to el hajj malik el shabazz

Hint 24

african-american political leader who converted to Islam

Front 25

Emiliano Zapata

Back 25

Mexican revolutionary leader and agrarian reformer
led mexican revolution and overthrew dictator porfirio diaz
continued to fight for further agrarian reforms and recognition of peasant's rights
killed by mexican government men

Hint 25

mexican revolutionary who overthrew porfirio diaz