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3 Cards in this Set
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What are syndromes of renal disease |
These are the symptoms seen in renal diseases. In other words, the clinical manifestations of renal diseases 1.NEPHRITIC SYNDROME 2.NEPHROTIC SYNDROME 3.ASYMPTOMATIC HAEMATURIA OR PROTEINURIA 4. ACUTE RENAL FAILURE 5. URINARY TRACT INFECTION (UTI) 6. NEPHROLITHIASIS (RENAL STONE) 7.RENAL TUBULAR DEFECTS 8. URINARY TRACT OBSTRUCTION AND RENAL TUMOURS |
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About nephritic syndrome 1. Definition 2. Causes 3. Pathogenesis 4. S/S 5. Diagnosis |
1. Definition -Glomerular syndrome dominated by the acute onset of usually grossly visible hematuria (RBC in urine), mild to moderate proteinuria and hypertension. It is the classic presentation of acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis. 2. Causes include:- a. .Post streptococcal glomerulonephritis b. Focal glomerulonephritis c. IgA nephropathy d. Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis ( crescentric Glomerulonephritis ) . 3. Pathogenesis - Owing to glomerular damage, filtration is reduced. As tubular function is maintained, excess re-absorption of salts and water results. The plasma volume rises with the interstitial volume and circulatory congestion and pulmonary oedema may develop. Severe hypertension may occur due to volume retention. Oedema is less marked than in nephrotic syndrome but in children it may be dramatic. Excess retention of salt and water may lead to oliguria and acute renal failure. 4. S/S a. Patients (majority) have gross hematuria, a few will have microscopic hematuria. b. There will be oedema starting from the face- periorbital oedema and spreading to other parts. c. Patients usually have elevated blood pressure – mild to moderate hypertension. Nephritic syndrome is a very common manifestation of renal disease. 5. Diagnosis - *Red cell casts in urine and proteinuria are diagnostic. |
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