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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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From the Lumen, name the components of the GI Tract.
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-Mucosa
-Epithelium -Lamina Propria -Muscularis Mucosa -Submucosa -Muscles |
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Describe the Outer Layer of the Esophagus.
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-Stratified Squamous Epithelium
-Skin, Essentially |
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Describe the Outer Layer of the Stomach. Why is set up this way?
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-Pitted Area (Gastric Pit)
-Leads to Gastric Glands -Allows for mixing and breakdown |
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Describe the Outer Layer of the Duodenum. Why is set up this way?
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-Want Absorption and Break down
-Folds -Glands -Microvilli |
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Name the different layers in the Esophagus. Describe.
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-Stratified Squamous Epithelium - Like Skin
-Muscularis Mucosa - Tiny, Smooth Muscle Bundles, Not in Straight Line -Submucosal Glands - Serous and Mucous -Muscularis Externa - Large, Straight line |
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In the Esophagus, what is the epithelium like?
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-Stratified, Squamous
-Basal Cells -Keratinocytes - Sloughing Off |
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What do we see more of in the Esophageal Mucosa, Serous or Mucous Glands?
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-Mucous
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What is the Distribution of Muscle in Muscularis Externa of the Esophagus?
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-Skeletal Muscle (Proximal)
-Smooth Muscle (Distal) |
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Describe the Appearance of Gastric Glands in the Stomach.
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-Very Deep
-Long -Tubular -Branched |
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In the Cardia, what types of Gastric Glands are found in greatest abundance?
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Mucous and Lysozome - To kill bacteria
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In the Fundus, what types of Gastric Glands are found in greatest abundance?
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-Parietal
-Chief Cells -Enteroendocrine Cells -Need all this shit to start breaking stuff down |
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In the Pylorus, what types of Gastric Glands are found in greatest abundance?
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-Mucous
-Almost No acid secreted |
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Describe the Surface Epithelium of Gastric Glands.
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-Columnar
-Lots of Mucous Cells -Protective Gel builds up - Mucous, Carbs, Bicarb |
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What type of stuff can lead to a stomach ulcer? Why?
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-Alcohol and Aspirin
-Decrease Blood Flow |
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What are Enteroendocrine Cells? What are the Different kinds and what do they do?
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-Involved in Synthesis and Release of Endocrine Hormones
-G Cells - Gastrin -D Cells - Somatostatin -ECL Cells - Histamine |
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How do Enteroendocrine Cells Stain?
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-Pink, Light
-Dark Nucleus |
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Why do Parietal Cells Stain Pinkish-Red?
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-Lots of Mitochondria
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Where is Intrinsic Factor Secreted from? What is it Important for?
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-Parietal Cells
-Binds Vitamin B12 for Endocytosis |
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What do Chief Cells do? How do they stain?
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-Stain Bluish
-Pepsinogen -Lipases -Help Digestion |
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Where along the Glands of the Stomach are Parietal and Chief Cells found?
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Base
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What types of glands do we start to see more of as we move from the Fundus to the Pylorus? Why?
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-Mucous
-Protection |
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What the glands look like as we start to move from the Fundus to the Pylorus?
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Shorter, more coiled glands
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In what area of the GI Tract are the Crypts of Lieberkuhn found? Where are they found next to?
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-SI
-Mucosal Glands |
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In which Layer can the Myenteric Nerve Plexus be found?
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Muscularis Mucosa
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Where are Brunner's Glands Found? What do they do?
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-Submucosa of Duodenum
-Secrete Mucous -Penetrate through Muscularis Mucosa -Make way into Crypts -Dump Material there and make way to the surface |
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Where do we first start to see Lacteals? Why?
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-Jejunum
-Absorption begins to happen -Absorb Chylomicrons (Fats) |
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In which layer of the Intestine are Peyer's Patches Found?
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-Under the Villi
-Next to Muscle |
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Where do Peyer's Pathces start to become very Numerous?
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Ileum
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What do Paneth Cells do?
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-Secrete Lysozymes and Alpha-Defensins
-Cause Cells to Break up and Lyse |
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Where are Enterocyte Absorptive Cells found?
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Brush Border
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What do Goblet Cells do?
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-Secrete Mucous by Exocytosis
-Protection and Lubrication |
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What the fuck goes on in Peyer's Patches?
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-Presentation of Antigens
-Education of Lymphocytes |
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Where is the Meyenteric Plexus located?
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Between Muscle Layers
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Where is the Meissner's Plexus located? What is another name for it?
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-Submucosal plexus
-Next to the Submucosa |
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Describe the Villi of the Colon.
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There aren't any vili in the colon you idiot.
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What function does the Appendix serve?
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-Incubator for Good Bacteria
-Puts them into GI Tract -M Cells are found here as well |
