Sgu Histology I - Respiratory

Front 1

3 parts of Nasal Cavity

type of epithelium in each

Back 1

1. Cutaneous region (str. squamous keratinized externally)
& Str. Cuboidal / Pseudostrat. In transitional zone


2. Respiratory region (ciliated Pseudostratified columnar epithelium)

3. Olfactory region (pseudostratified columnar)

Front 2

4 types of cells in respiratory region of NASAL cavity

remember the epithelium in respiratory is PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR epithelium

Back 2

1. Ciliated cells (with motile cilia or numerous microvilli)
2. Secretory cells are serous or mucous (goblet cells)
3. Brush cells have thick microvilli associated with sensory receptors.
4. Basal cells

Front 3

What is u tell me about the propria submucosa in nasal cavity?

Back 3

is highly vascular (cavernous stratum) containing serous or mixed nasal glands, numerous nerves, and lymphatic nodules.

Front 4

three types of cells of olfactory region of nasal cavity

Back 4

1. Neurosensory olfactory cells are BIPOLAR cells (neurons) with dendrites extending to the lumen and axons reaching the olfactory bulb of the brain.
2. Sustentacular cells are columnar cells.
3, Basal cells

note: bipolar neuron usually associated with special sensory nerves like this one

Front 5

Propria submucosa of olfactory region of nasal cavity has what type of glands?

Back 5

Mixed

Front 6

sustentacular cell

Back 6

cell primarily associated with structural support.

In the Olfactory epithelium, sustentacular cell is 1 of 3 types of cells. They are columnar cells.

One type of sustentacular cell is the Sertoli cell, in the testicle. It is located in the walls of the seminiferous tubules and supplies nutrients to sperm.

The Internal Ear (Organ of Corti) and the taste buds also contain the sustentacular cell.

Front 7

Vomeronasal Organ

Give function?
Structure?
Location in relation to surrounding structures?

Back 7

Paired ducts, paired structures on either side of nasal septum

on one side is (medial) sensory/olfactory epith. pseudostr.columnar epithelium w/neurosensory, sustentacular, and basal cells
AND
lateral side has respiratory epithelium (w/ciliated pseudostratified and nonciliated columnar epithelium) w/goblet and basal cells.
.

Front 8

What kind of cartilage is in nasal cavity (specifically the vomeronasal cartilage)?

Back 8

hyaline cartilage

Front 9

kind of epithelium in larynx?

(Bonus: what structure may be found in larynx over epiglottis?)

Back 9

- stratified squamous epithelium N/K
(more similar to that of oral cavity)
-gradually changes to respiratory epithelium

Bonus: taste buds

Front 10

epithelium of nasopharynx?

epithelium of larynx? (hard)

Back 10

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells

cranially larynx is stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium (like oral cavity) and then after vocal fold becomes resp.epith.

Front 11

Epiglottis and cuneiform process of the arytenoid cartilage contain _______ cartilage.

Back 11

elastic (has fibers visible in ground substance)

Front 12

epithelium of trachea?

Back 12

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells. (resp.epith.)

Front 13

pleura around lungs consist of __________ epithelium

pleura is thickest in ____ and thinnest in ____.

Back 13

simple squamous epithelium


ruminant; dog and cat.

Front 14

cells in trachea?

Back 14

1. Neuroendocrine cells
2. Migratory cells (mast cells, lymphocytes, globular leukocytes)

Front 15

The lung is divided into:

Back 15

conducting portion: primary bronchus, secondary bronchus, bronchiole, terminal bronchiole

respiratory portion: respiratory bronchiole, alveolar duct, alveoli

Front 16

How does tissue is airway duct change as divides into smaller branches?

Back 16

In Bronchi
- Epithelial height decreases (in bronchiole becomes simple columnar and/or cuboidal)
- Goblet cells decreases
- Clara cells INCREASES

- irregular plates of hyaline
cartilages decrease whereas smooth muscles increase.
(NO cartilage or glands in bronchiole)

Front 17

Bronchioles consists

Back 17

Lined with simple columnar or cuboidal epithelium with ciliated and Clara cells.


The propria-submucosa consists of sparse loose C.T.;
-Cartilage and glands are absent.

Front 18

respiratory bronchioles are extensive in ____

but not

Back 18

carnivores

whereas in horse, cow and pig, they are short or absent

Front 19

Alveolar epithelial lining presents two cell types (and what else present?)

Which provide elasticity?

Back 19

Type I (95%) is a squamous epithelial cell with central nucleus, anchored to a continuous basal lamina. Provide elasticity.

Type II (5%), or granular alveolar cell, is a cuboidal cell with microvilli that is responsible for the production of pulmonary surfactant.

Pulmonary macrophages (derived from monocytes) are phagocytic cells present in the alveolar lumen.

Front 20

Dust cells

Back 20

pulmonary macrophage (derived from monocytes) are phags present in alveolar lumen

Front 21

Air-Blood Barrier Composed of: ?

Back 21

1. Pneumocyte 1 cells (squamous epith)
2. basal lamina of pneumocyte I AND basal lamina of capillary endothelial cells, separated by a sparse C.T. These two basal laminae may be fused.
3. capillary endothelial cell.
4. plasmalemma of a red blood cell.

Front 22

What does the interalveolar CT consist of?

Back 22

Capillary plexus
Fibrocytes
Pericytes
Lymphocytes
Plasma cells
Collagen and Elastic fibers

Front 23

Which cells are responsible for producing pulmonary surfactant?

Back 23

Type 2 alveoli cells

Front 24

What lines alveolar ducts and alveolar sacs?

Back 24

simple cuboidal or squamous epithelium

Front 25

Which animals have short or absent respiratory bronchioles?

Back 25

Horse
Cow
Pig

Front 26

Which animals have extensive respiratory bronchioles?

Back 26

Carnivores

Front 27

What is the transition zone and the focus of most lung disorders in the lung?

Back 27

Respiratory bronchioles

Front 28

Are there cartilage and glands in the propia-submucosa of bronchioles?

Back 28

No

Front 29

What type of epithelium line the bronchioles?

Back 29

Simple columnar or cuboidal epithelium with ciliated and clara cells

Front 30

Where do bronchioles terminate?

Back 30

At terminal bronchioles

Front 31

What is the shape of the hyaline cartilage in the bronchi?
(not avian)

Back 31

irregular plates

Front 32

What happens to goblet cells and clara cells (exocrine cells) in the bronchi as you move proximodistally?

Back 32

Goblet cells decrease
Clara cells increase

Front 33

What are the three sections of the bronchi of the lungs?

Back 33

Primary Bronchus
Lobar (secondary bronchus)
Segmental bronchi

Front 34

What are the gas exchange areas of the lungs?

Back 34

respiratory bronchioles
alveolar ducts
alveolar sacs
alveoli
(NOT AIR SACS)

Front 35

What are the intrapulmonary conducting airways of the lungs?

Back 35

bronchi (secondary/lobar and segmental) and bronchioles (terminal bronchioles)

Front 36

Which animals have the thickest pleura covering of the lungs? Thinnest?

Back 36

Ruminants
Dog and cat

Front 37

What type of epithelium is the pleura that covers the outside of the lungs?

Back 37

simple squamous

Front 38

What type of fibers and glands are in the propia-submucosa of the trachea

Back 38

tubuloacinar seromucous glands and elastic fibers

Front 39

What are the pyramidal-shaped cells that are abundant in the trachea of young animals?

Back 39

Neuroendocrine cells

Front 40

What type of cartilage is the thyroid and cricoid cartilage of the larynx?

Back 40

hyaline

Front 41

What lines the laryngeal mucosa?

Back 41

stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium

Front 42

What is prominent in the dorsal portion of the nasopharynx?

Back 42

Lymphatic nodules

Front 43

What type of cells line the nasopharynx?

Back 43

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells

Front 44

Responsible for detection of sex hormones?

Back 44

vomeronasal organ

Front 45

What olfactory cells are bipolar neurons with dendrites extending into the lumen and axons reaching the olfactory bulb of the brain?

Back 45

Neurosensory cells

Front 46

What is different about the cartilage in the trachea of a chicken compared to that of mammals?

Back 46

The cartilaginous rings are complete and intraepithelial glands are numerous

Front 47

What is the syrinx in the chicken?

Back 47

Located at junction of trachea and bronchi

It is an inverted ‘Y’ shaped structure.

Front 48

What allows the syrinx to make sound in the bird?

Back 48

tympanic membranes vibrate

Front 49

Do the lungs of birds change volume very much during respiration?

Back 49

No, Avian lungs are small and do not change volume during respiration.

Front 50

What is different about the lamina propia of the primary bronchi in a chicken?

Back 50

Numerous diffuse and aggregated lymphatic tissues

Front 51

Bibliothek

Back 51

la biblioteca

Front 52

Is cartilage present in the secondary bronchi of the chicken?

Back 52

No

Front 53

What do parabronchial lumen give rise to in the Parabronchi of birds?

Back 53

air capillaries

Front 54

How many air sacs do most birds have?

Back 54

8

Front 55

What are the 8 air sacs?

Back 55

Unpaired: cervical and clavicular
Paired: cranial thoracic, caudal thoracic, and abdominal

Front 56

What type of epithelium lines air sacs?

Back 56

Simple squamous or cuboidal epithelium

Front 57

Do are sacs participate in gaseous exchange?

Back 57

No

Front 58

Type of epithelium lining avian nasal cavity?

Back 58

same as mammal

- Stratified squamous epithelium rostrally,

- Olfactory epithelium dorsocaudally

- Respiratory epithelial lining for most of the remaining areas.

Front 59

tympanic membranes of syrinx? are lined by _______

Back 59

lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

Front 60

What different branches of avian airways? What kind of epithelium lines them?

Back 60

I. primary bronchi are lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epith w/goblet cells and intraepithelial mucous glands.
2. secondary bronchi are lined by simple columnar or cuboidal cells and are DEVOID of goblet cells.
3. parabronchi are lined by cuboidal epithelium. Numerous extensions (atria) of parabronchial lumen give rise to air capillaries.
4. Atria are lined by a simple squamous or cuboidal epithelium.
5. Air capillaries, responsible for gas exchange, are lined by simple squamous epithelium.

Front 61

What different branches of avian airways? What kind of cartilage found, if present?

Back 61

I. primary bronchi contain hyaline cartilaginous rings present in initial portions of bronchi but replaced by PLAQUES of cartilage

II. Cartilage is absent in all subsequent branches (from secondary bronchi to parabronchi to atria)

Front 62

What kind of structure found in lamina propria of different branches of avian airways?

Back 62

primary bronchi - CT w/diffuse and aggregated lymphatic tissue

secondary bronchi - areolar C.T. that is usually DEVOID of lymphatic tissue

after that, it's anybodies guess...

Front 63

Type of tissue in propria submucosa of trachea

Back 63

loose CT

Front 64

Where is lamina muscularis found is respiratory system / tissue?

Back 64

* Every tissue has propria - submucosa from what I've seen (except bird lung)
* usually loose CT
* however thickness of propria SM decreases as go from trachea to bronchi!

Front 65

BALT

Back 65

Bronchus Associated Lymphoid Tissue, as part of pulmonary defense mechanism. This picture shows an aggregate of lymphocytes and other cells of immune response in submucosa of an intrapulmonary bronchus. The intact surface epithelium is first line of defense, cells of immune/inflammatory response form second line of defense not far away.

Front 66

Cells of trachea

Back 66

pseudostratified ciliated col.epith w/
1. Neuroendocrine cells
2. Migratory cells (mast cells, lymphocytes, globular leukocytes)

Front 67

structure/function of clara cells?

Back 67

dome-shaped cells with short microvilli found in small airways ( bronchioles ) of lungs.[1] Clara cells are found in ciliated simple epithelium. These cells may secrete glycosaminoglycans to protect bronchiole lining.

Front 68

structure/function of clara cells?

Back 68

dome-shaped cells with short microvilli found in small airways ( bronchioles ) of lungs.[1] Clara cells are found in ciliated simple epithelium. These cells may secrete glycosaminoglycans to protect bronchiole lining.