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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is 3 layers making up testis covering?
(inner to outer) |
1. Vascular layer, on interior surface of capsule (innermost)
2. Capsule called Tunica albuginea 3. visceral layer of tunica vaginalis (outermost) |
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What is the connective tissue trabeculae that extend from the tunica albuginea called?
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Septuli testis
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__________ is region responsible for transport and maturation of spermatozoa.
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Epididymis
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__________ is region responsible for transport of spermatozoa.
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ductus deferens
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Which animal has poorly developed mediastinum testis?
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Horse
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Mediastinum testis
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network of fibrous CT that extends from upper to near the lower extremity of testis
From its front and sides numerous imperfect septa (trabeculæ) are given off, which radiate toward the surface of the organ, and are attached to the tunica albuginea. They divide interior of the organ into a number of incomplete spaces, called lobules. These are somewhat cone-shaped, being broad at their bases at surface of gland, and becoming narrower as they converge to mediastinum in center. |
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What is 3 layers making up testis covering?
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1. Vascular layer, on interior surface of capsule
2. Capsule called Tunica albuginea 3. visceral layer of tunica vaginalis |
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What is the connective tissue trabeculae that extend from the tunica albuginea called?
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Septuli testis
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Identify stages of spermatogenesis (early to late)?
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spermatogonia (stem)
Primary spermatocytes, Secondary spermatocytes (short-lived) Spermatid, Spermatozoa |
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__________is structure responsible for production of seminal plasma.
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Accessory sex gland(s)
(especially Vesicular Gland aka seminal vesicle) |
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What divides the lobules of the testicle?
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Septuli testis, which extend from the tunica albuginea
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What are the two parts or portions of the seminiferous tubule?
Type of epithelium cells? |
Convoluted portion (tubuli contorti)
Straight portion (tubuli recti): simple squamous to simple columnar epithelium |
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What are the three (two are cellular) components of the seminiferous tubules?
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1. lamina propria = basal lamina + peritubular + FB
2. sustebtacular or sertoli cells (supportive) 3. spermatogenic cells |
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What cells surround layer of lamina propia in the seminiferous tubules?
Function? |
Peritubular (myoid) cells - flat cells in inner basal lamina
- surrounded by collagen and elastic fibers - responsible for tubular contraction (like myoepithelial cells); this helps move sperm along |
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Which cells of the seminiferous tubule are elongated pyramidal cells?
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Sertoli cells
Sertoli cells are really the only true "resident cells" of the seminiferous tubules. The various stages of spermatozoal development all are destined to mature and be used up, but Sertoli cell is present before puberty and remains in place until death. |
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Which cells make up the blood-testis barrier?
Main purpose of this? |
Sustentacular (sertoli) cells
- purpose is to protect haploid gametes (haploid spermatocytes and spermatogonia?) from immune system. |
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What are some of the funcitons of sertoli cells?
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- Phagocytosis of degenerating spermatogenic cells (consume residual cytoplasm)
- Production of Mullerian inhibitory hormone - Secretion of introtubular fluid - their tight junctions make-up blood-testis barrier (seperates interstitial blood in testis from lumen in seminif.tubules) |
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Which spermatogenic cells is small and situated next to the basal lamina?
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Spermatogonium
Stem cell and earliest stage. Spermatogonia are densely stained, round nuclei. These are diploid cells, and they're in the basal compartment created by the Sertoli cells. |
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Which spermatogenic cells are the largest and have obvious condensed chromosomes?
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Primary spermatocytes
Initial product of spermatogonial maturation (after spermatogonium); large cells with a round nucleus filled with clumped chromatin material. May see in various stages of meiotic cycle. |
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Which spermatogenic cells are short-lived and difficult to observe?
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Secondary spermatocytes
Very short-lived and difficult to distinguish from primary spermatocyte. By time cells have progressed to spermatocyte stage, meiosis is complete; hence secondary spermatocytes are haploid. |
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Which cells are small, towards the lumen of seminiferous tubules, and undergo spermiogenesis to form spermatozoa?
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Spermatids
Spermatids will be seen in different stages of maturation. Some will be chunky and squarish-looking cells with nuclei beginning to get quite dense. Others more advanced will be narrow and have tails beginning to develop. |
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Which cells appear in the interstitial space of the testis during puberty?
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Interstitial or Leydig cells
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What do Leydig cells produce and secrete?
Where located? |
Testosterone; after puberty
adjacent to ST in testis |
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What are the three intratesticular genital ducts?
Type of epithelium in each? |
1. Straight tubules (tubuli recti)
-simple squamous to simple columnar epithelium 2. Rete testis - anastomotized network of channel - simple squamous to simple columnar epithelium 3. Ductuli efferentes - connect the rete testis to ductus epididymis - simple columnar ciliated and nonciliated cells |
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Which intratesticular genital duct has ciliated cells to help move spermatozoa?
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Ductuli efferentes
- series of tubules that conduct sperm from the rete testis to the epididymis - only region of the male reproductive tract that is lined by a ciliated epithelium |
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What are the microvilli called that cover the columnar cells in the epididymis?
What type of epithelium lines the epididymis? |
Stereocilia
are structures which aid in absorption; are long cytoplasmic projections but have no motility. Pseudostratified epithelium Steriocilia |
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What is the function of the epididymis?
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Maturation (head and body)
Storage (Tail) |
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What type of epithelium lines the ductus deferens?
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Pseudostratified columnar epithelium (becomes simple columnar towards end of duct)
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What part of the ductus deferens is ampullated?
except in? |
Terminal part (except cats and pigs)
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Which accessory male sex gland is absent in dogs and cats (carnivores)?
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vesicular gland (aka seminal vesicle)
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What are the accessory male sex glands?
Which responsible for secreting pre-ejaculate fluid? Which not in carnivores? |
Ampulla (Terminal part of ductus deferens)
Vesicular gland (seminal vesicle; not in carnivores) Prostate gland Bulbourethral gland (pre-ejaculate) note: image included may be of human anatomy, be aware of discrepancies |
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Which part of the prostate gland is absent in SMALL ruminants?
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Body or compact portion absent in goats and sheep
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Which part of the prostate gland is absent in horses?
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Pars disseminata (internal part) - thin layer of the prostate that surrounds the urethra; as distinct from the body of the gland.
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Which accessory male sex gland is absent in dogs?
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Bulbourethral gland (and vesicular gland)
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What part of the prostate gland surrounds the pelvic urethra?
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pars disseminate
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Prostate Gland most developed in?
least developed in? |
Most developed in dogs and horses.
Smaller in cats, pigs and ruminants. |
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Produce testosterone for secondary male sex characteristics?
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Leydig (interstitial) cells - located near ST in testis
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What are the two divisions of the urethra?
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1. Pelvic
2. penile (in penis) |
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Composition of pelvic urethra?
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•transitional epithelium
•T. muscularis is mostly SMOOTH muscle •mucous urethral glands |
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Composition of PENIAL urethra?
Structures present? (hard - will ask again so can skip) |
•transitional epithelium
•T. muscularis striated muscle • in propria submucosa incr. in erectile tissue! - cavernous spaces called "corpus spongiosum" - tunica adventitia has loose or dense irr. CT |
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Ureter vs urethra
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ureter = from kidneys to bladder
urethra = bladder to penis |
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What is the erectile tissue composed of and where is it located in the pelvic urethra?
What is mucosa lined with? |
Vascular stratum in the propia submucosa
Located in corpus spongiosum Folded mucosa of Urethra lined with Transitional epithelium! |
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What is the erectile tissue called in the penile urethra?
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Corpus spongiosum (um...corpus cavernosum has erectile tissue also)
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What are the three parts of the penis?
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Corpora cavernosa penis (erectile tissue w/some smooth m.)
Corpora spongiosum penis (erectile tissue on ventral side) Glans penis (tip; lots of nerve endings) |
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What part of the penis is well developed in horses and dogs?
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Glans penis
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What is the caudal end of the ductus deferens called in birds?
Hint: it's for storage of spermatozoa |
Seminal glomus
"glomus" Latin means ball |
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What is the penis called in the bird?
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Pallus
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What types of glands are the accessory sex glands?
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ALL tubulo-alveolar
prostate- mixed Bulbourethral Gland - mucous (prejac) Ampullary Gland- mucous and /or serous secretions |
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Glandular epithelium for acc. sex glands is ?
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pseudostratified-columnar epithelium
(except bulbourethral AND ampulla glands which have simple tall columnar epthelium) Remember pseudostratified epithelia usually function in secretion or absorption. Typically lined with cilia, but not in ductus deferens. In epididymis, PS epithelia lined w/stereocilia. note: bulbourethral epithelium varies..it's all over the place |
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Vesicular gland epithelium?
(for gland and duct) |
Glandular epithelium is pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Intralobular DUCTS are lined with simple cuboidal epith. |
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Do acc. sex glands have lamina muscularis?
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No, they are have propria-submucosa of loose CT or dense irreg. CT (like in prostate)
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Urethra epithelium
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folded mucosa lined with transitiional epithelium
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Avian epididymis epithelium
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ciliated pseudostratified-columnar epithelium
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Do birds have acc sex glands?
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No
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Epithelium of glans penis (mammal)?
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stratified sq epithelium
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Pars disseminata (of prostate) is absent in ________.
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Horse only
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Ampulla gland is absent in ________.
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Absent in cats & PIGS
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Body of prostate is absent in ________.
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Sheep/goat
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Stages of spermatogenesis (early to late)
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spermatogonia,
Primary spermatocytes, Secondary spermatocytes, Spermatid, Spermatozoa |
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__________ is region responsible for transport and maturation of spermatozoa.
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Epididymis
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What type of gland is Prostate ?
What type of gland is Vesicular gland? What type of gland is Ampulla? What type of gland is Bulbourethral ? |
Prostate = Compound tubuloalveolar gland : compact and disseminate parts
Vesicular gland = Compund tubuloalveolar Ampulla = Simple branched tubulo-alveolar glands in the propria-submucosa Absent in cats & pigs Bulbourethral Gland = Compound tubular or tubuloalveolar |
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What type of epithelium lines DUCT of Bulbourethral gland ?
What type of epithelium lines DUCT of prostate ? What type of epithelium lines DUCT of Vesicular gland? |
B.U. Ducts : simple cuboidal to pseudostatified epithelium
Prostate Secretory tubules and intraglandular duct : simple cuboidal or columnar cells (transitional towards the terminal portion of the duct) Vesicular gland Intralobular & main secretory ducts : simple cuboidal epithelium |
