Histology I - Female Genital System

Front 1

In birds, only ____ ovary and _____ are retained in adult as functional entities.

Back 1

left; oviduct

Front 2

Describe ovaries in bird

(hint: what does not develop, what is not well developed? what is very large compared to in mammal?)

Back 2

Ovaries not as compact as in mammals, cortex and medulla are distinguishable but medulla not as well developed

Have various size follicles, but antrum does not develop.

Front 3

Birds don't have ______ and ______ b/c don't need implantationn...they lay implant their eggs in a nest.

Back 3

corpus lutum; progesterone.

Front 4

Female Avian Reproductive System
The follicle consists of extremely ______, a single layer of _______, _______interna and externa.

Back 4

large primary oocyte, single layer of of membrana granulosa cells, theca interna and externa

Front 5

5 parts of the avian oviduct:

Back 5

infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, uterus (shell gland), vagina

cloaca not part of oviduct

Front 6

Avian Isthmus
What epithelium?
Gland type?

Back 6

-portion after magnum, which is responsible for formation of shell membrane (this is inside of hard shell)

-ciliated and non-ciliated columnar epithelium.
-Numerous branched, tubular glands extended into lamina propria.

Front 7

Avian Magnum
What epithelium type?
Gland?
What is secreted?

Back 7

-glandular structure (lot's of glands), which resp. for deposition of majority of egg white.

-epith. ciliated and non-ciliated simple COLUMNAR cells

-lamina propria contains numerous branched, tubular glands, lined by cuboidal or columnar epithelium responsible for release of ALBUMIN.

note: once "egg" has been coated with albumin cannot be fertilized, so must be fertilized in infundibulum

Front 8

avian uterus

What epithelium?
Gland type?

Back 8

-functions as shell gland, secretory activity is responsible for formation of egg SHELL as well as dilution of albuminoids
(note: this is hard outer shell)

-epithelium consist of intermittently ciliated pseudostratified columnar cells (could be simple columnar). Coiled tubular glands project into the underlying C.T.

Front 9

avian vagina
What epithelium?
Gland type?

Back 9

-mucosa has short mucosal folds and lined ciliated PSEUDOSTRATIFIED columnar w/some goblet cells

-portion is NONglandular except at utero-vaginal junction which have sperm-host glands to nourish and store sperm (for up to 30 days)

Front 10

avian infundibulum

where located? neighboring structures?
epithelial lining?

Back 10

top portion where fertiilization takes place

funnel like cranial extension of the duct. The mucosa is highly folded.

lining epithelium is ciliated pseudostratified columnar (like in mammal).

Front 11

Ovary epithelium?

What is layer beneath this? What is special about its structure?

Back 11

low cuboital

tunica albugines (thin layer of CT - thin so it can rupture

Front 12

Two central areas / layers of ovary?

Exception?

Back 12

outer cortex (contains follicles and corpora lutea embedded in loose CT)
inner medulla

note: these areas reversed in mares, also have depression called "ovulation fossa" which is where horse ovulation occurs. In other mammals ovulation can occur anywhere on cortex

Front 13

At time of birth, female has fixed number of ______.

Back 13

primary oocyte

Front 14

list stages of follicular development

Back 14

primordial follicles, primary follicles, secondary follicles, late secondary

Front 15

primordial follicles consists of

Back 15

initial stage:
primary oocyte + simple squamous epith

Front 16

primary follicles consists of

Back 16

2nd stage:
primary oocyte + simple CUBOITAL epith

Front 17

secondary follicle consists of

what begins to form??

Back 17

3rd stage:
primary oocyte + stratified epith of

cavity begins to form in center

granulosa cells , which secrete zona pellucida around primary oocyte
(theca cells go around this at end of stage)

Front 18

theca cells

Back 18

form vascularized multilayer of stromal cells which envelops granulosa cells during late stage of 2ndary follicles

Front 19

In mature follicle, immediately before or just after ovulation
(depending on species), .....

Back 19

primary oocyte completes
first meiotic division to give rise secondary oocyte and
first polar bodies

Front 20

have characteristic of steroid-secreting cells
which include abundant sER, mitochondria and numerus lipid droplets

Back 20

Theca interna cells

Front 21

Ovulation is caused by ________ and increased pressure of the antral fluid

Back 21

luteinizing hormone (LH)

Front 22

(steroid-synthesizing cells)

After ovulation, ______cells proliferate and transform into large luteal cells, whereas _____cells contribute to small luteal cells of _______

Back 22

-Granulosa cells

theca cells; of the corpus luteam

note: both of these produce progesterone

Front 23

regressed CL without ovulated

Back 23

corpus atreticum

Front 24

regressed CL of estrous cycle

Back 24

Corpus albicans

Front 25

Corpus hemorrhagicum

Back 25

in mares?

Front 26

Rete ovarii

Back 26

(embryonic remnants homologus to the rete tetis) more prominent in carnivores and ruminants.

Front 27

cervix epithelium and subsequent layers?

Back 27

simple columnar with goblet cell
mucosa
submucosa
t.muscularis
t.serosa

Front 28

vagina epithelium

Back 28

stratified squamous epithelium
w/lymphatic nodules