Histology Final - Digestive Tract

Front 1

What are the layers of the digestive tract?

Back 1

- Mucosa
- Submucosa
- Muscularis externa
- Serosa

Front 2

What are the 3 layers of the mucosal layer?

Back 2

- Epithelial lining
- lamina propria
- muscularis mucosa
- also composed of glands

Front 3

What is the submucosal layer composed of?

Back 3

- Dense irregular connective tissue
- blood & lymph vessels
- nerve plexus
- glands

Front 4

What is the muscularis externa composed of?

Back 4

- longitudinal muscle (external)
- circular muscle (internal)
- Myenteric nerve plexus

Front 5

What is the serosal layer composed of?

Back 5

- Loose connective tissue
- blood & lymph vessels
- Covered by mesothelium (simple squamous)

Front 6

The esophagus contains ______ epithelium

Back 6

non-keratinized stratified squamous

Front 7

What do the glands of the esophagus secrete?

Back 7

mucus

Front 8

Describe the musculature of the esophagus at the proximal, mid, and distal portions

Back 8

Proximal = striated
Mid = mixture of striated & smooth
Distal = smooth

Front 9

Only the portions of the esophagus in the peritoneal cavity are covered by _____. The rest is covered by a layer of ________.

Back 9

- serosa
- loose connective tissue adventitia

Front 10

Only ____ glands are in the stomach

Back 10

Tubular
(simple, simple coiled, simple branched, compound branched)

Front 11

True or false: the pit is part of the gland?

Back 11

True

Front 12

What is the pit in the stomach?

Back 12

Foldings in the stomach into a tubule/gland

Front 13

What are the cells lining the pit called?

Back 13

secretory cells

Front 14

Where is the cardia on the stomach?

Back 14

at the esophagogastric junction (by the esophagus)

Front 15

What are the cell types at the NECK of the fundus/body of the stomach?

Back 15

- Mucus cells
- Parietal (oxyntic) cells

Front 16

What do parietal (oxyntic) cells produce?

Back 16

HCl (acid)

Front 17

What are the cell types at the BASE of the fundus/body of the stomach?

Back 17

- Chief cells
- Parietal cells

Front 18

What do the Chief cells produce?

Back 18

pepsinogen (pepsin + lipase)

Front 19

Which cells have mitochondria?

A) mucus cells
B) Chief cells
C) Parietal cells

Back 19

C) Parietal cells

Why?

Hint 19

Need energy to pump HCl against the gradient

Front 20

What do enteroendocrine cells produce?

Back 20

serotonin

Front 21

Which region of the stomach has the longest/deepest pits?

A) cardia
B) fundus
C) body
D) pyloric

Back 21

D) pyloric

Front 22

Describe the pyloric region of the stomach

Back 22

- longer pits
- short coiled secretory portions
- many enteroendocrine cells

Hint 22

internal

Front 23

Where are the G cells located in the stomach?

Back 23

Pyloric region

What do they secrete?

Hint 23

gastrin

Front 24

Where are the D cells located in the stomach?

Back 24

Pyloric region

What do they secrete?

Hint 24

somatostatin

Front 25

What are the 3 muscular layers of the muscularis externa in the stomach?

Back 25

- Longitudinal (external)
- Circular (middle)
- Oblique (internal)

Front 26

What are Plicae Circulares and where are they found?

Back 26

- infoldings of whole tissue
- in the small intestine

Front 27

Where are Goblet cells found?

Back 27

small & large intestines

Front 28

What are the 3 sections of small intestine?

Back 28

- Duodenum
- Jejunum
- Ileum

Front 29

What kind of epithelium are villi?

Back 29

simple columnar

Front 30

Where are Paneth's cells and do they do?

Back 30

- bottom of crypts in small intestine
- secrete enzymes (lysozyme)

Front 31

Pits are in the ____ and crypts are in the _____

Back 31

- stomach
- intestine

Front 32

True or false: crypt & pit are the same thing

Back 32

True
(crypt = intestine)
(pit = stomach)

Front 33

What are microvilli composed of?

Back 33

Actin filament fibers


*****LIKELY ON TEST*****

Front 34

What is the main cytoskeletal component of microvilli?

Back 34

actin filament


*****LIKELY ON TEST*****

Front 35

What do goblet cells look like under a slide?

Back 35

Clear/white, columnar

Front 36

What do Paneth's cells look like under a slide?

Back 36

- bottom of crypt
- red granules (due to staining)
- columnar

Front 37

Where is the submucosal plexus?

Back 37

submucosal layer

Front 38

Where is the Myenteric plexus?

Back 38

muscularis externa (between circular & longitudinal layers)

Front 39

What are Duodenal glands (Bruner's glands)

Back 39

secrete alkaline material to neutralize stomach acid

Front 40

True or false: the Large intestine has a microvilli brush border?

Back 40

False
(just crypts)

Front 41

The rectum has what kind of epithelium?

A) simple columnar
B) stratified squamous
C) simple squamous
D) pseudo-stratified columnar
E) cuboidal

Back 41

A) simple columnar

Front 42

The anus has what kind of epithelium?

A) simple columnar
B) stratified squamous
C) simple squamous
D) stratified columnar
E) cuboidal

Back 42

B) stratified squamous

Front 43

What is the Ano-Rectal Junction?

Back 43

change from simple columnar epithelium (rectum) → stratified squamous epithelium (anus)

Front 44

What is the Muco-Cutaneous Junction?

Back 44

Change from non-keratinized epithelium → keratinized epithelium

Where is this found?

Hint 44

Anus (after the ano-rectal junction)

Front 45

True or false: the Large intestine has villi

Back 45

True
(not as much as small intestine, though)