Histology Final

Front 1

Granulosa Lutein Cells

Back 1

In Corpus Luteum

Production of Progesterone

Formed from Granulosa Cells

Front 2

Theca Lutein Cells

Back 2

In Corpus Leteum

Production of Estrogen

Formed from Theca Interna Cells

Front 3

Progestin Effect

Back 3

Inhibition of LH surge --> ovulation

Thickens cervical mucus

Decreases estrogen driven cell proliferation

Front 4

Estrogen Effect

Back 4

Inhibition of FSH surge and follicle deveopment

Thin cervical mucus

increases endometrial proliferation

Front 5

Three Structures of Oviduct

Back 5

1) Infundibulum

2) Ampulla

3) Isthmus

Front 6

Infundibulum

Back 6

Near ovaries

Contains Fimbria - flared ends that capture ova

Front 7

Ampulla

Back 7

Middle section

Epithelium thrown into folds

Site of fertilization

Peristalic action of muscle layers --> moves ova down oviduct

Front 8

Isthmus

Back 8

near uterus

Front 9

Epithelium of Oviduct

Back 9

ciliated epithelia cells

secretory cells

Front 10

Stratum Basale

Back 10

In uterus

not lost during mentruation

Front 11

Stratum Functionalis

Back 11

superficial layer that grows sloughs off and reforms over the residual basal layer

Front 12

Menstrual Cycle

Back 12

1) Proliferative

2) Secretory

3) Menstruation

Front 13

Proliferative Phase

Back 13

a) Day 4-14

b) controlled by estrogen

c) Re-establishment of stratum functionalis

d) Endometrial glandular epithelial cells - tall, columnar

e) Mitotic figures

f) straight glands, narrow lumens

Front 14

Secretory Phase

Back 14

a) Day 15-28

b) controlled by corpus luteum

c) glands continue to elongate --> become wavy

d) lumens dilated with secretory products

e) endometrial epithelial cells accumulate glycogen

Front 15

Menstruation

Back 15

a) loss of stratum functionalis

b) about 2 weeks after ovulation in the absence of fertilization - loss of progesterone

c) progesterone withdrawal --> constriction of coiled arteries --> No blood flow --> degenerative changes, epithelium breaks down

Front 16

Cervical Mucous Secretion:

1) Proliferative Phase

2) Secretory Phase

Back 16

1) Proliferative Phase: watery, allowing passage of sperm

2) Secretory Phase: mucous, highly viscous

Front 17

Cervix - which epithelium?

Back 17

simple columnar

Front 18

Leydig Cells

Back 18

Testosterone Production

between interstium between tubule

Front 19

Sertoli Cells

Back 19

Nutritional support for spermatozoa

phagocytize residual bodies shed during spermatogenesis

Produce androgen binding protein (ABP) and inhibin

Produce anti-Mullerian hormone

Front 20

Layers of Testes

Back 20

1) tunica vaginalis (outer layer - protection)

2) dense fibrous connective tissues

3) tunica albugenia

Front 21

Epithelium of Testes

Back 21

complex germinative epithelium

contains cells of spermatogenic and Sertoli cells

Front 22

Spermatogenic Series

Back 22

1) Spermatogonia: in basal layer, divide at puberty

2) Spermatocytes (diploid 4N)

3) Spermatids (haploid 1N)

4) Spermatozoa (mature sperm)

Front 23

Golgi phase

Back 23

Proacrosomal granule accumulate in Golgi and combine to acrosomal vesicle

Centrioles move to end opposite from acrosome

Front 24

Acrosomal phase

Back 24

acrosome contains hydrolytic enzyme (serine protease, hyaluronidase, neuraminidiase, acid phosphatase) --> to digest zona pellucida

flagella formation

mitochondria aggregate around the middle piece

Front 25

epitheilum of epididymis

Back 25

pseudostratified columnar

Front 26

epithelium of vas deferens

Back 26

1) pseudostratified columnar with stereocilia

2) thick muscular coat - inner longitudinal, middle circular, outer longitudinal

3) adventitial layer - nerve and blood vessels

Front 27

epithelium of seminal vesicles

Back 27

1) pseudostratified with protein secreting cells

2) testosterone dependent

3) muscle - inner circular, outer longitudinal

Front 28

epithelium of prostate gland

Back 28

1) tall cuboidal, pseudostrafieid columnar

2) surround the urethra

3) folded mucosa

Front 29

tissues of prostate gland

Back 29

1) fibroelastic tissues - smooth around glands

2) corpora amylacea: concretion, fills gland lumne, increase in number with size and age, become calcified

Front 30

bulbourethral glands

Back 30

1) paired glands

2) located at the beginning of the membrane urethra

3) stimulate --> release of mucus secretion, major portion of preseminal fluid

Front 31

anatomy of penis

Back 31

1) paired corpora cavernosa and a single midline corpus spongiosum

2) found together by fibrous connective tissue capsule

Front 32

corpora cavernosa

Back 32

1) fills blood during erection

2) helicine arteries dilate upon stimulation and fill with blood

3) arteriovenous (AV) anastomosis between the artery of the penis and peripheral venous system closes --> increase in blood flow

4) peripheral veins compressed

Front 33

innervation of corpora cavernosa

Back 33

parasympathetic

sympathetic

spinal

Front 34

vas deferens

Back 34

1) pseudostratified epithelium

2) thick muscular coat: long, cir, long

3) adventitial layer: nerve & blood vessels

4) sympathetic stimulation during ejaculation

Front 35

blood brain barrier

Back 35

1) extensive vasculature in CNS and PNS

2) basal lamina separate

3) cells: astrocytes

4) characteristics: tight junction in endothelium (continuous capillaries)

Front 36

blood air barrier

Back 36

1) continuous capillaries

2) basal lamina continues

3) cell: pneumocytes type I

4) characteristics: allows gas exchange

Front 37

blood thymus barrier

Back 37

1) continuous endothelium, fused basement membrane

2) cells: pericytes, epithelial reticular cells, macrophages

3) characteristics: occluding junctions

Front 38

blood testes barrier

Back 38

1) Sertoli cells line seminiferoius tubules

Front 39

eccrine

Back 39

1) exocytosis

2) temperature regulation sweat

Front 40

apocrine

Back 40

1) pinches off

2) milky substance

3) BO secretion

Front 41

holocrine

Back 41

1) secretes entire cell and secretion

2) secretes oily substances, acne

Front 42

pampiniform plexus

Back 42

veins surrounding each testicular artery and returns cooler blood from the scrotum to the body and cools the blood in the testicular artery before it reaches the testis

Front 43

stereocilia

Back 43

- actually long nonmotile microvilli

- microfilament core

Front 44

Leydig cells

Back 44

testosterone production

Front 45

Cells in women that produce following hormones:

1) androgen

2) estrogen

3) FSH

4) LH

5) Progesterone

Back 45

1) theca interna and theca lutein

2) granulosa cells and granulosa lutein

3) pituitary gonadotrophs

4) pituitary gonadotrophs

5) granulosa lutein

Front 46

Cells in women that produce following hormones:

6) prolactin

7) oxytocin

8) hypothalamic neurons

Back 46

6) pituitary lactotrophs

7) hypothalamic neurons

8) granulosa lutein cells

Front 47

Which process is the primary cause of the acidic pH in thevaginal lumen?

Back 47

Bacterial conversion of glycogen into lactic acid

Front 48

Which structure remains part of the ovary after ovulation?

Back 48

theca interna

Front 49

process of oogenesis

Back 49

1) primary oocyte (in prophase I)

2) primordial follicle

3) primary follicle

4) secondary follicle

5) Graafian follicle (end of meiosis I)

6) ovulation (meiosis II)