Histology Exam 1

Front 1

The glycoccalyx of the cell membrane is concerned primarily with...

Back 1

protection and cell recognition

Front 2

In bulk transport...

Back 2

endocytosis results in the formation of a phagosome

Front 3

Barr body...

Back 3

inactive X chromosome

Front 4

Within mitochondria, elementary particles...

Back 4

contain enzymes for oxidative phosphorylation

Front 5

In the Golgi...

Back 5

secretory vesicles depart from the maturing face

Front 6

During a root canal, you notice an unusual mass adjacent to the tooth root, remove mass and submit it for a biopsy b/c you suspect the mass may be of neural origin, you request which of the following special immunohistochemical stains for confirmation?

Back 6

neurofilament protein

Front 7

Most hypertrophy of the cell occurs during which phase of the cell cycle?

Back 7

G1

Front 8

Tetrad formation occurs during which phase of meiosis?

Back 8

Prophase 1

Front 9

During apoptosis, shrinkage of the nucleus is known as:

Back 9

pyknosis

Front 10

Which of the following is most consistent with anemia due to severe blood loss?

Back 10

reticulocytosis

Front 11

Gelatinase is present in the tertiary granules of:

Back 11

neutrophils

Front 12

While on a picnic, you are stung by a bee and within the next half hour begin to experience difficulty breathing. This anaphylactic rxn is a result of:

Back 12

SRS from basophils

Front 13

Lymphocytes which specialize in the production of antibodies are:

Back 13

plasma cells (pregnant w/anitbody)

Front 14

During erythropoieses:

Back 14

late normoblasts are typically orthochromatic

Front 15

During nemopoiesis:

Back 15

5 classes of unipotential

Front 16

Which of the following cell jxs is formed by the fusion of a circumferential band of cell memb b/t cells?

Back 16

zonula occludens

Front 17

most gland secrete only their cell products w/out any cytoplasm- this is known as _____ secretion

Back 17

meorcrine

Front 18

In smooth muscle myosin binding is controlled by:

Back 18

calmodulin

Front 19

atrioventricular valves are anchored to the wall of the heart by thin strands of CT referred to as:

Back 19

chordae tendineae

Front 20

nissl susbstance with in neurons represents:

Back 20

rER

Front 21

parasympathetic, post-synaptic neuron cell bodies are located:

Back 21

near the effector organ

Front 22

what type of neuroglial cell is responsible for myelination w/in the CNS?

Back 22

oligodendrocyte

Front 23

during nerve damage and repair:

Back 23

anterograde degeneration is due to an interruption of axonal transport

Front 24

What are the five basic tissues?

Back 24

blood, connective tissue, epithelium, muscle, and nervous

Front 25

What are parenchyma cells?

Back 25

functionally specialized cells

Front 26

What are stroma cells?

Back 26

less specialized supporting tissue

Front 27

What does connective tissue do?

Back 27

surrounds and supports other tissues (structurally, metabolically, or both)

Front 28

What does epithelium tissue do?

Back 28

covers body surfaces and cavities (internal and external)
ex: gut lining, skin, glands

Front 29

What is nervous tissue?

Back 29

modified cell collection responible for communication and coordination

Front 30

What is nervous tissue made of?

Back 30

neurons and glial cells

Front 31

Communication can be both...

Back 31

electrical and chemical

Front 32

What are organs?

Back 32

anatomically discrete collections of tissue that perform specific functions

Front 33

What is hematoxylin?

Back 33

a dark blue basic dye that stains acids

Front 34

What is eosin?

Back 34

bright red, acidic dye that stains bases

Front 35

What is the plasma memebrane/plasmalemma?

Back 35

semipermeable phospholipid bilayer

Front 36

What does amphoteric mean?

Back 36

both hydrophilic and hydrophobic qualities

Front 37

What accounts for the membranes trilaminar appearance on EM?

Back 37

hydophilic outer layers are seen as separate entities, as well as the inner hyrophobic layer

Front 38

What is the function of the plasma membrane?

Back 38

transfer of nutrients and metabolites, attachment to adj cells, and cell-cell comm.

Front 39

What increases fulidity/flexibility?

Back 39

the presence of unsaturated f.a., which prevent close packing

Front 40

What helps to regulate fluidity and stabilizes the membrane?

Back 40

Cholesterol, present in an almost 1:1 ratio

Front 41

Why does Cholesterol regulate fluidity and stabilize the membrane?

Back 41

it is amphipathis and has a kinked conformation, preventing the overpacking of f.a. tails

Front 42

Increasing cholesterol increases or decreases fluidity?

Back 42

decreases
it fills the gaps btwn the kinks of the ufas

Front 43

What makes up almost half of the total membrane mass?

Back 43

proteins embedded in the bilayer

Front 44

What are extrinsic proteins?
aka peripheral

Back 44

on the outside, some span the entire thickmess (transmural/transmembrane), held in place by hydrophobic central zone, many times have pores/channels for usu hydrophilic molecs.

Front 45

What are integral proteins?

Back 45

embedded in phospholipid bilayer

Front 46

What do pumps do?

Back 46

transport ions across membrane

Front 47

What is an example of a pump?

Back 47

ex: Na/Cl pump: transmembrane protein complex that exchanges a Na for a K ion across the membrane

Front 48

What are channels?

Back 48

allow passage of small molecules via diffusion

Front 49

What increases fulidity/flexibility?

Back 49

the presence of unsaturated f.a., which prevent close packing

Front 50

What helps to regulate fluidity and stabilizes the membrane?

Back 50

Cholesterol, present in an almost 1:1 ratio

Front 51

Why does Cholesterol regulate fluidity and stabilize the membrane?

Back 51

it is amphipathis and has a kinked conformation, preventing the overpacking of f.a. tails

Front 52

Increasing cholesterol increases or decreases fluidity?

Back 52

decreases
it fills the gaps btwn the kinks of the ufas

Front 53

What makes up almost half of the total membrane mass?

Back 53

proteins embedded in the bilayer

Front 54

What are extrinsic proteins?
aka peripheral

Back 54

on the outside, some span the entire thickmess (transmural/transmembrane), held in place by hydrophobic central zone, many times have pores/channels for usu hydrophilic molecs.

Front 55

What are integral proteins?

Back 55

embedded in phospholipid bilayer

Front 56

What do pumps do?

Back 56

transport ions across membrane

Front 57

What is an example of a pump?

Back 57

ex: Na/Cl pump: transmembrane protein complex that exchanges a Na for a K ion across the membrane

Front 58

What are channels?

Back 58

allow passage of small molecules via diffusion