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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
connective tissue function
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1. support-structure, packing 2. defense-immune rxns, phagocytosis 3. Co2 and O2 exchange 4. repair-wounds
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muous CT
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embryonal; GS with collagen and few cells; cotton candy; stem cells; umbilical cord and tooth pulp
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mesenchyme CT
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lots pleuripotent cells; forms- muscle, endo/mesothelium, lymph, spleen, blood cells; synovium, osteo/chondro/fibrobasts; adipocytes
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fibroblast
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active, spinkle, large pale nucleus
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fibrocyte
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inactive, maintain environ., darker nucleus
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myofibroblast
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alpha smooth muscle actin; wound contraction
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histiocyte
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2nd lysosomes, heterogenous cytoplasm;; functions=digestion, cell-mediated resistance, RBC destruction, AG presenters, MHC2, secretory
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types of macrophages
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liver-Kupffer; lung-alveolar macrophages; CNS-microglial; lymph/spleen-Langerhans
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lysosome
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lysozyme, hydrolases, H2O2, collagenase, GAGases
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histiocyte products
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complement system, coagulation factors, interferon, TNF, IL-1, protaglandins, PAF
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Mast cell functions
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1. release chemical mediators of inflammation and hypersensitivity 2. allergic rxns (anaphylaxis, imm.hypersens.rxn.) 3. granules cause constriction/dilation of sm muscle and cap.
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cromolyn sodium
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cell membrane stabilizer
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mast cell granules
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PGE2 (vasodilator), Leukotriene C4 (vasodilates, bronchoconstriction), TNF, ILs, PAF (protein syn), histamine (contracts visceral arteries and bronchial but relaxes sm muscle)
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collagen formation
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1. aa assembled in rER (gly,pro,lys); 2. synthetic of alpha chains in rER; 3. hydroxylation of pro,lys in rER (vit C cofactor); 4. glycosylation in rER (orgolgi); 5. formation of procollagen (triple helix); 6. to golgi for packaging; 7. vesicles to cm (MT,MFs); 8. exocytosis; 9. ends of peptides cleaved
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collagen type 1
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cells=fibroblasts, smooth muscle, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, odontoblasts; tissues=loose and dense CT, fibrocartilage, bone, dentin
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collagen type 2
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chondrocytes, hyaline and elastic cartilage
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collagen type 3
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cells=fibroblasts, sm muscle, endothelial; tissue=loose CT, dermis, BVs, organ walls
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collagen type 4
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cells=epithelial, endothelial; tissues=BL, external lamina, eye lens
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collagen type 5
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cells=fibroblasts, reticular, sm muscle; tissue=CT stroma
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collagen type 7
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flibroblasts; anchoring fibrils, BL to CT
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collagen type 10
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chondrocytes, zone of hypertrophy
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reticular
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produced by fibroblasts, sm muscle, schwann; in expandable organs, hematopoietic organs, liver, bv; stain with PAS because glycoproteins (silver too)
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elastic
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elastin, interlinked mlcs, desmosine and isodesmosine; sites=ligamentum nuchae, vocal cords, aorta, lung; fibrillin present
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Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)
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sulfated= provide support, H2O binding, dermatan (skin,bv,heart,CVdisease,woundrepair), heparan (BL,cellsurface,interaction with FGF); nonsulfated=hyaluronan, link to proteoglycans form aggregated to resist compressions (articular cartilage)
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Glycoproteins
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cell surface protein; BL cmpt; cell mvmt, fibronectin (cell adhesion, bind collagen, transmem., bind to integrins); laminin (adhesion btw epi and ECM); osteopontin (bind OC, Ca, hydroxyapatite); interact with integrin (receptor, activates fibronectin)
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brown adipose
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mitochondria, cytochrome oxidase, thermogenin (heat), multiple droplets, central nucleus
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leptin
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energy homeostasis, stimulates metabolic rate, regulates adipose tissue; receptors in hypothalamus (feedback sys.)
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metalloproteinases (MMPs)
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emzymes, zine dependent, degrade/maintain ECM; secreted as inactive precursors then held by inhibitors (TIMPs); include: collagenase, stromelysins, elastases, gelatinases; ex: ovulation
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Dupuytren Disease (1 of 11)
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palma fibromatosis; thickened aponeurosis because too much collagen by myofibroblasts
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Osteogenesis Imperfecta (2 of 11)
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defect in collagen 1; blue sclera caused by choroidal veins
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Marfan syndrome (3 of 11)
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defect in FBN1 gene that encodees fibrillin-1; autosomal dominant; abnormal elastic tissue
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Ehlers-Danlos IV (4 of 11)
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collagen 3 defect; hypermobility, bv rupture
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Alport Syndrome (5 of 11)
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collagen 4 defect; kidney glomerular basement membrane
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Hurler Syndrome (6 of 11)
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increase in two glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) [dermatan sulfate or heparan sulfate]; a genetic disorder (a LSD) because of deficiency of enzyme iduronidase. Hepatosplenomegaly, dwarfism, gargoylism.
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Lipoma (7 of 11)
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benign adipose tissue tumor; masses of mature adipocytes found in subcutaneous tissue
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Keloids (8 of 11)
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overgrowth of dense CT after healing of skin injury; more collagen is produced than degraded; myofibroblasts play role in proliferation
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Multiple Myeloma (9 of 11)
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sheets of malignant plasma cells in bone marrow aspirate; IgM spike in 80-90%
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Anaphylaxis (10 of 11)
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allergic (type 1 immediate hypersensitivity) reaction; process leading to mast cell degranulation
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Soft tissue (11 of 11)
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CT, tendons, ligaments, fascia, skin, collagen fibers, fat, synovium, muscles, nerves, bvs
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histamine
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contracts visceral arteries and bronchial sm muscle; relaxes peripheral arterial sm muscle and contracts endothelial cells [basophil products similar to mast cell]
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pericyte
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adult stem cell/undifferentiated; around vessels; develop into endothelial, adipose, sm muscle
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CT WBCs
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neutrophil=3-4 lobes; eosinophil=parasite, granules, bilobed; lymphocyte=heterochromatic, thin cytoplasm
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proteoglycans
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GAG core protein; syndecan-transmembrane protein links to BL thru heparan sulfate
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adipose
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innervated by SNS, norepi activates lipase; fats stores mobilized by epi/norepi/glucagon/ACTH bind to receptors
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