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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
A weight-bearing CT found where both support and flexibility are needed.
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Cartilage
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Cartilage is found where _____ and _____ are needed.
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support and flexibility
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Cartilage is composed of:
1) 2) 3) |
1) Chondrocytes
2) Ground Substance 3) CT fibers |
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What two things make up the extracellular matrix?
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Ground substance
CT fibers |
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The ____ matrix is avascular.
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cartilage
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How do chondrocytes get their nutrition?
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By diffusion of substances through the matrix.
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Why is it important that the ECM in cartilage doesn't have too much collagen?
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If you have tons of collagen it will become tightly packed and choke off the chondrocytes (which rely on diffusion).
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In cartilage:
______ embryonic cells give rise to ________ which become ________ cells. |
Chondrogenic embryonic cells
Chondroblasts Chondrocytes |
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Cartilage cells actively making ground substance and Type II Collagen are called?
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Chondroblasts
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Cartilage cells surrounded by matrix are called?
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Chondrocytes
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In what type of cartilage do you find lacunae?
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Hyaline Cartilage
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What is an isogenous group?
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Cell nest of 2-4 chondrocytes.
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These cartilage cells make and maintain the cartilage matrix.
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Chondrocytes
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An amorphous gel consisting mainly of proteoglycans and the glycoprotein chondronectin.
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Ground substance
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In what glycoprotein are the CT fibers of cartilage embedded?
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Chondronectin
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What is contained in the proteoglycan aggregates of the ground substance of cartilage?
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Chondroitin
Keratan Sulfate Hyaluronic Acid |
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CT fibers in hylaine cartilage are generally what type?
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Type II Collagen
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How does the matrix of hyaline cartilage stain and why?
What can cause this to vary? |
Acidphilic due to its collagen fibers.
This can vary with age and location in the body. |
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What is the matrix immediately surrounding the lacune called?
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Territorial Matrix
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How does the Territorial Matrix stain and why?
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More basophilic (usually) because it is newly formed and is poor in collagen but rich in glycosaminoglycans.
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Perichondrium
Where & What? |
A vascular membrane that surrounds all hyaline cartilage except for hyaline articular cartilage.
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What are the layers of the Perichondrium?
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Outer= Fibrous
Inner= Chondrogenic |
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Fibrous Layer of Perichondrium
Made of? Vascularity? |
Outer Layer of Perichondrium.
Made of Type I Collagen Fibers and Fibroblasts (Dense Irregular CT). Vascular. Has little perforations in the dense irregular CT for blood vessels to pierce through. |
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Chondrogenic Layer of Perichondrium.
Whats in it? |
Deep to the Fibrous Layer.
Consists of undifferentiated cells that give rise to chondrocytes. |
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What are the two types of cartilage growth?
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1) Appositional Growth
2) Interstitial Growth |
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Appositional Growth
Process? |
Cells of the chondrogenic layer of the perichondrium differentiate into chondroblasts.
The chondroblasts lay down cartilage matrix under the perichondrium. Like layers of paint. |
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Interstitial Growth
Process? |
Chondrocytes within the matrix divide and the daughter cells lay down more matrix. (Possible because cartilage is soft and malleable.)
Resembles bread dough rising. (Enlarges from the inside.) |
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In general, the closer a cell is to the perichondrium, the ____ active it is.
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more
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What are the three types of cartilage?
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1) Hyaline
2) Elastic 3) Fibrocartilage |
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Most long bones in a fetus start out as _________ and are later replaced by bone.
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Hyaline Cartilage
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Where is hyaline cartilage found?
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Developing skeleton
Articular Cartilage Tracheal Rings Some of the Laryngeal Cartilages Nose Ventral Ends of Ribs |
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What is the most common type of cartilage?
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Hyaline Cartilage
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Type of cartilage?
long bones in fetus |
Hyaline
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Type of cartilage?
Articular Cartilage |
Hyaline
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Type of cartilage?
Tracheal Rings |
Hyaline
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Type of cartilage?
Nose |
Hyaline
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Type of cartilage?
Ventral ends of ribs |
Hyaline
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Where is Elastic Cartilage found?
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External Ear
Eustachian Tube Epiglottis Some laryngeal cartilages (where you need extra resiliency) |
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Type of cartilage?
External Ear |
Elastic
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Type of cartilage?
Eustachian tube |
Elastic
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Type of cartilage?
Epiglottis |
Elastic
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Type of cartilage?
Some Laryngeal Cartilages (when you need extra resiliency) |
Elastic
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What kind of fibers are in Elastic cartilage?
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ELASTIC fibers and Type II Collagen Fibers
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More/less cell nests are found in Elastic Cartilage than in Hyaline Cartilage?
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Less
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Elastic cartilage is surrounded by a _______, like _______ cartilage.
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Perichondrium
Hyaline |
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This type of cartilage is found where support and tensile strength are needed.
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Fibrocartilage
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Where is Fibrocartilage found?
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Tendon insertions
Annulos Fibrosis of IV disc Pubic Symphysis Articular Discs Menisci of Knee |
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Type of cartilage?
tendon insertions |
Fibrocartilage
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Type of cartilage?
annulus fibrosis |
Fibrocartilage
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Type of cartilage?
Pubic symphysis |
Fibrocartilage
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Type of cartilage?
Mensici of knees |
Fibrocartilage
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What gives the matrix of Fibrocartilage a deeply acidophilic (eosiniphilic) appearance?
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Type I Collagen Fibers
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What kind of collagen does Fibrocartilage have?
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Type I AND Type II Collagen
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In this type of cartilage, the chondrocytes tend to line up in rows between the collagen fibers.
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Fibrocartilage
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This type of cartilage does not have a perichondrium.
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Fibrocartilage
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What is the only type of cartilage that contains Type I Collagen?
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Fibrocartilage
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Is Fibrocartilage easily repaired? Why or why not?
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NO.
There is no perichondrium so very little nutrients get through making it extremely hard to repair fibrocartilage. |