Histology: Cartilage

Front 1

Cartilage is a tough and flexible form of connective tissue. T/f

Back 1

True

Front 2

Cartilage can be be considered as modified connective tissue. T/f

Back 2

True

Front 3

Cartilage is characterised by ECF and high concentration of GAG's, proteoglycans. T/f

Back 3

True

Front 4

Cartilage differs from typical Connective tissue mainly by the nature the ground substance. T/f

Back 4

True

Front 5

ECM in cartilage allows the tissue to bear mechanical stress. T/f

Back 5

True

Front 6

In respiratory tract, ears, nose,cartilage forms framework supporting rigid tissue. T/f

Back 6

False.

Soft tissue

Front 7

Cartilage provide shock absorbing and sliding regions within joints and facilitate bone movements due to smooth lubricated surface and resiliency. T/f

Back 7

True

Front 8

What are the component of cartilage

Back 8

Cells - chodrocytes

Ground substance /matrix

Fibres - collagen fibres

Front 9

Chondrocytes are embedded in matrix. T/f

Back 9

True

Front 10

Chondrocytes synthesis and maintain ECM component. T/f

Back 10

True

Front 11

Chondrocytes located in matrix cavities are called _______

Back 11

Lacunae

Front 12

Nucleus of chondrocytes is Heterochromatic. T/f

Back 12

False

Euchromatic

Front 13

Mitochondria, Golgi.A, Endoplasmic reticulum are prominent. T/f

Back 13

True

Front 14

Ass cartilage cells matures, nuclei becomes more euchromatic and cell organelles become more prominent. T/f

Back 14

False

Nucleus becomes Heterochromatic and organelles becomes less prominent.

Front 15

Cytoplasm contains glycoproteins and lipid. T/f

Back 15

False

Glycogen and lipid

Front 16

Ground substance is made up of complex molecules containing proteins and carbohydrates (proteoglycan). T/f

Back 16

True

Front 17

Principal molecules present in cartilage are:

Back 17

Collagen

Hyaluronic acid

Proteoglycans

Glycoprotein

Front 18

Semi rigid nature of cartilage is due to water bound to negatively charged sulphated GAG chains extending from GAG's core protein. T/f

Back 18

False

Proteoglycan proteins

Front 19

The collagen fibre is made up off type II collagen. T/f

Back 19

True

Front 20

Fibro cartilage and perichondrium consist of type I collagen. T/f

Back 20

True

Front 21

What are the three types of cartilage that can be recognised depending on number and variety in fibres in the matrix:

Back 21

Hyaline cartilage

Elastic cartilage

Fibro cartilage

Front 22

Hyaline cartilage is the most common form of cartilage. T/f

Back 22

True

Front 23

HC is heterogenous. T/f

Back 23

False

Homogenous

Front 24

HC is transparent in fresh state. T/f

Back 24

False

Semi-transparent in fresh state

Front 25

HC principal collagen is type I collagen. T/f

Back 25

False

Type II

Front 26

HC is located in _______________ &________________

Back 26

Articular surface of movable joint

Respiratory passage (Nose Laryx trachea and Brochi)

Ventral ends of rib

Epiphyseal plates of long bone

Front 27

In embryo HC forms temporary skeleton that is replaced by bone. T/f

Back 27

True

Front 28

Joint that are weight bearing are more prone to cartilage degeneration. T/f

Back 28

True

Front 29

Fragments released by wear and tear of articular cartilage triggers the secretion of _______________ from macrophage

Back 29

matrix metallo - proteases

Which causes damage, pain and inflammation within the joint

Front 30

Dry weigh of HC is 60%. T/f

Back 30

False

40%

Front 31

Dry weight HC is embedded in hydrated gel of proteoglycan and structural glycoproteins. T/f

Back 31

True

Front 32

Proteoglycan causes the matrix of HC to be acidophilic. T/f

Back 32

False

Basophilic

Front 33

Most abundant proteoglycan of HC is ___________

Back 33

Aggrecan (core protein)

Front 34

Aggrecan consist of 150 GAG's side chains of chondroitin sulphate, keratin sulphate. T/f

Back 34

True

Front 35

Proteoglycans non-covalently bound by link proteins to long polymers of Hyaluronic acid. T/f

Back 35

True

Front 36

Proteoglycans complexes binds to type II collagen. T/f

Back 36

True

Front 37

Water bound to GAG's in poroteoglycans constitute 60% - 80% of fresh weight of fresh HC. T/f

Back 37

True

Front 38

Another important component of HC matrix is CHONDRONECTIN which is a multi adhesive protein that binds specifically to GAG's, collagen II and Integrins. T/f

Back 38

True

Front 39

What are the two types of matrix present in HC

Back 39

Territorial matrix

Interterritorial matrix

Front 40

_____________ is immediately around lacunae housing chondrocytes, matrix stans deeper giving capsule-like appearance

Back 40

Territorial matrix

Front 41

____________ is a pale stauning matrix separating cell nest.

Back 41

Interterritorial matrix

Front 42

Chondrocytes occupies little in HC mass. T/f

Back 42

True

Front 43

Two types of chondrocytes are present in HC. T/f

Back 43

True

Front 44

Young chondrocytes or chondroblast which have elliptical shape present at periphery or cartilage. T/f

Back 44

True

Front 45

Chondrocytes which are round present deeper in cartilage appear in groups up to 8 cells that originate from mitotic division of single chondrocytes are called _________________

Back 45

Isogenous aggregates or cell nests

Front 46

Due to devoid of capillaries, chondrocytes respire under low oxygen tension. T/f

Back 46

True

Front 47

HC metabolize glucose mainly by aerobic glycolysis to produce lactic acid as end product. T/f

Back 47

False

Anaerobic glycolysis

Front 48

Chondrocyte synthesis of GAG's and secretion of proteoglycans is accelerated by hormones and growth factors. T/f

Back 48

True

Front 49

Major regulator of HC growth is pituitary derived growth hormone. T/f

Back 49

True

Front 50

Except in articular cartilage of joints, HC is covered by a layer of dense connective tissue called ___________

Back 50

Perichondrium

Front 51

Perichondrium is essential for growth and maintenance of cartilage. T/f

Back 51

True

Front 52

Perichondrium consist type II collagen and fibroblast. T/f

Back 52

False

Type I collagen and fibroblast

Front 53

Perichondrium consist type II collagen and fibroblast. T/f

Back 53

False

Type II collagen and fibroblast

Front 54

Among the fibroblasts, inner layer of perichondrium are progenitor cells for chindroblast. T/f

Back 54

True

Front 55

There are two types of HC ( hyaline cartilage). Mention them

Back 55

Costal cartilage

Articular cartilage

Front 56

Costal cartilage are bars of HC that connect the ventral ends of ribs to sternum. T/f

Back 56

True

Front 57

Cellularity of costal cartilage increases by age. T/f

Back 57

False

Decrease

Front 58

Articular surface of most synovial joints are lined by hyaline cartilage. T/f

Back 58

True

Front 59

Articular cartilage are not covered by perichindrium. T/f

Back 59

True

Front 60

Articular cartilage acts as absorber. T/f

Back 60

True

Front 61

Elastic cartilage singular to HC except it contains abundant network of elastic fibres in addition to type II collagen. T /f

Back 61

True

Front 62

Due to collagen II in EC it gives a yellow colour. T/f

Back 62

True

Front 63

Location of elastic cartilage includes :

Auricles of ear

Walls of external auditory canals

Auditory tubes

Epiglottis

Coneiform cartilage in larynx.

T/f

Back 63

True

Front 64

EC cartilage includes perichondrium. T/f

Back 64

True

Front 65

EC posses greater flexibility the HC and readily recovers it's shape after being deformed. T/f

Back 65

True

Front 66

Fibro cartilage is a combination of HC and dense connective tissue. T/f

Back 66

True

Front 67

Where can we find fibro cartilage?

Back 67

INTERVERTEBRAL DISC

ATTACHMENT OF LIGAMENTS

PUBIS SYMPHYSIS

Front 68

Chondrocytes of FC are single and are aligned isogenous aggregates which produce type II collagen. T/f

Back 68

True

Front 69

Scarcity of proteoglycans make matrix of fibro cartilage more acidophilic. T/f

Back 69

True

Front 70

Perichodrium is absent in FC. T/f

Back 70

True

Front 71

Intervertebral disc has two components

Back 71

Peripheral annulus fibrosus which is rich in type 1 collagen.

Central nucleus purposes which is gel-like matrix and is rich in hyaloronic acid.

Front 72

Study the summary

Back 72

Done

Front 73

Cartilage forms from embryonic mesenchymal by the process called _______

Back 73

Chondrogenesis

Front 74

When proliferation is ceased, chondrocytes these cells have basophulic cytoplasm, rich in RER for collagen. T/f

Back 74

True

Front 75

Production is ECM encloses these cells in cavities called Lacunae. T/f

Back 75

True

Front 76

During embryonic development, differentiation of cartilage takes place from the centre outward. T/f

Back 76

True

Front 77

Central cells have characteristics of chondrocytes and peripheral cells have characteristics of chondroblast. T/f

Back 77

True

Front 78

Superficial mesenchyme forms perichondrium. T/f

Back 78

True

Front 79

In cartilage two type of growth is seen,, went on them:

Back 79

Interstitial growth: which is a result from mitotic division of pre existing chindroblast

Appositional growth: which involves differentiation of new chondroblast from perichondrium

Front 80

Damage cartilage undergoes fast and complete repair, primarily by the activity of cells in the perichondrium which invade the injured area and produce new cartilage and this character is not seen in young children. T/f

Back 80

False

Slow and incomplete repair

Front 81

In extensively damaged areas, perichondrium produces a scar of dense connective tissue instead of cartilage. T/f

Back 81

True

Front 82

The poor capacity of cartilage for repair or regeneration is due to it's vascular in nature. T/f

Back 82

False

Avascular in nature