Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The _______ _______ in birds is lined by the same types of epithelia characteristic of mammals.
|
nasal cavity
|
|
What is the nasal cavity of birds lined by?
|
stratified squamous epithelium, olfactory epithelium dorsocaudally & respiratory epithelium
|
|
The _____ is similar to that of mammals except that the cartilaginous rings are complete & intraepithelial glands are numerous.
|
trachea
|
|
The _______ is located at the junction of trachea & bronchi.
|
syrinx
|
|
______ is an inverted "Y" shaped structure and has tympanic membranes that vibrate during production of sound and is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.
|
syrinx
|
|
What region of the lungs are lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium w/ goblet cells & intraepithelial mucous glands.
|
primary bronchi
|
|
The _______ ________ layer of the lungs consists of connective tissue w/ numerous diffuse & aggregate lymphatic tissues
|
lamina propria
|
|
_________ ________ of the lungs is composed of circularly or spirally oriented mass of muscle w/ some longitudinal bundles as well.
|
lamina muscularis
|
|
_________ are present in the initial portions of the primary bronchi but are replaced by plaques of cartilage
|
hyaline cartilaginous rings
|
|
________ are lined by simple columnar or cuboidal cells & don't have goblet cells.
|
secondary bronchi
|
|
What portion of the lungs have lamina propria composed of areolar CT that is absent of lymphatic tissue?
|
Secondary bronchi
|
|
Is cartilage present in secondary bronchi?
|
No
|
|
What portion of the lung has a lamina muscularis layer that is interrupted and multidirectionally oriented.
|
secondary bronchi
|
|
_________ are lined by cuboidal epithelium & have extensions called atria that give rise to air capillaries.
|
parabronchi
|
|
________ are found in the parabronchial lumen & give rise to air capillaries.
|
Atria
|
|
Atria are lined by _______.
|
simple squamous or cuboidal epithelium
|
|
Air capillaries are lined by ________.
|
simple squamous epithelium
|
|
Most birds have how many air sacs?
|
8
|
|
What type of air sacs are found in most birds?
|
unpaired cervical & clavicular
Paired cranial thoracic, paired caudal thoracic, paired abdominal air sacs |
|
Air sacs are line by what type of epithelium?
|
simple squamous or cuboidal epithelium
|
|
______ are poorly vascularised and do not participate in gaseous exchange.
|
Air sacs
|
|
The buccal cavity consists of what parts?
|
tongue
tooth buds mucous glands mouth pouches |
|
______ is triangular shaped & have taste buds present but has a poorly developed sense of taste.
|
tongue
|
|
________ bone is found in the tongue on the midline.
|
entoglossal
|
|
_______ is lined w/ keratinzed stratified squamous epithelium & has diffuse lymphatic tissue in lamina propria.
|
esophagus
|
|
Esophagus has ______ glands in the lamina propria that is an extension of the salivary glands.
|
mucous
|
|
______ is the diverticulum of the esophogus.
|
crop
|
|
Birds that need to swallow lots quickly w/o immediately digesting it use their _______.
|
crop
|
|
________ has thicker mucosa than the esophagus.
|
crop
|
|
What are the 2 main features of the crop?
|
mucous glands & crop milk
|
|
Superficial cells of L. epithelialis undergo fatty change to a substance called ______ _____ to feed young.
|
crop milk
|
|
_____ ______ is produced under influence of prolactin.
|
crop milk
|
|
What is the function of the crop?
|
moistens & helps macerate food
resonating sounds during courtship produces crop milk |
|
_______ is the glandular stomach of avians.
|
proventriculus
|
|
What are the 2 features of the proventriculus?
|
Rugae w/ mucous glands
submucousal glands |
|
_____ is part of the proventriculus, has folds of mucosa & simple columnar epithelium
|
rugae
|
|
What type glands of the proventriculus are simple branched tubular glands & open into grooves bt. rugae.
|
mucosal
|
|
_______ glands of the proventriculus open on papillae at surface & have only acidophilic cells.
|
submucosal
|
|
What is the function of the proventriculus?
|
glandular stomach
very acidic in some species to digest bones |
|
_________ has a luminal surface lined by cornified secretory product of the mucosal glands.
|
ventriculus
|
|
What are the 2 major parts of the ventriculus?
|
Lining
tunica muscularis |
|
What is the function of the ventriculus?
|
-grinds food
-well developed in birds that eat plant parts -used to store indigestible parts until regurgitated as a cast. |
|
_____ is not divisible into histologically distinct regions.
|
lower digestive tract
|
|
What are the 2 major parts of the lower digestive tract?
|
lymphatic nodules
cecae |
|
Where do you find large quantities of lymphatic nodules?
|
In Lamina propria & submucosa of lower digestive tract
|
|
______ are two blind sacs appended to small & large intestine.
|
cecae
|
|
________ are absent in parrots & is used for water absorption & cellulose digestion.
|
cecae
|
|
_______ are lymphatic nodules at opening of cecum are found in the _____
|
cecal tonsils
cecae |
|
_______ is the common orfice for digestive, excretory & reproductive organs & is lined w/ simple columnar epithelium.
|
cloaca
|
|
_______ connects to the digestive system, is a sac of lymphoid tissue & is where maturation of B lymphocytes occur.
|
cloacal bursa
|
|
In the intestine 2 ____ are present at the ileocolic junction.
|
ceca
|
|
What 3 parts does the cloaca divide into?
|
copradeum
urodeum proctodeum |
|
The tunica mucosa of the ____ found in the cloaca is highly folded & lined by keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
|
vent
|
|
In birds, ______ extend cranially up to lung & caudally at end of syncacrum.
|
kidneys
|
|
What type of nephrons to the avian kidney have?
|
cortical-majority
medullary |
|
The surface of _____ is covered by a very thin tunica albuginea.
|
testis
|
|
______ is smaller & less conspicuous in birds than mammals.
|
epididymis
|
|
Efferent ductules of the epididymis is lined by what?
|
ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
|
|
In some birds the caudal end of the ducts deferens forms a mass of convolution called __________.
|
semimal glomus
|
|
_________ acts as storage organ for spermatozoa.
|
seminal glomus
|
|
The _______ is homologous w/ the penis in mammals.
|
phallus
|
|
What parts of of the female reproductive system are retained in the adult as functional entities?
|
left ovary & oviduct
|
|
________ of birds are not as compact as those in mammals.
|
ovaries
|
|
The _____ part of the ovary consists of follicles in various stages of development but an antrum does not develop
|
cortex
|
|
What are the parts of the avian oviduct?
|
infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, shell gland(uterus) & vagina.
|
|
__________ is the funnel like cranial extension of the oviduct, lined w/ ciliated pseudostratified epi.
|
infundibulum
|
|
The ______ is responsible for the deposition of the majority of the egg white.
|
magnum
|
|
What part of the avian oviduct has a lamina propria that contains branched, tubular glands lined by a cuboidal or columnar epithelium responsible for the release of albumin.
|
magnum
|
|
The ________ is lined by ciliated & non-ciliated columnar epithelium & is responsible for the formation of the shell membrane
|
isthmus
|
|
The ______ is the shell gland.
|
uterus
|
|
The secretory activity of the _________ is responsible for the formation of the eggshell as well as dilution of albuminoids.
|
uterus
|
|
The mucosa of the _______ in the oviduct is distinguished by short mucosal folds & lined by ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium w/ few goblet cells.
|
vagina
|
|
The vagina is nonglandular except at the utero-vaginal junction which have ________ to nourish & store sperm.
|
sperm-host glands
|