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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Is epithelial tissue vascular or avascular? Is connective tissue vascular or avascular?
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Epithelial tissue = avascular
Connective tissue = vascular |
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What connects epithelium to underlying connective tissue?
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Basement membrane
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What are goblet cells?
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Scatterd between columnar epithelial cells, secrete mucous
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Where do you find stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium?
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cells lining the mouth, esophagus, vagina, and anal canal.
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Where do you find stratified squamous keratinized epithelium?
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fingernails, toenails, hair, and the skin (epidermis)
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Where do you find simple columnar epithelium?
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lining the intestine, the gallbladder, the Fallopian tubes, and some of the respiratory passages.
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Where do you find simple cuboidal epithelium?
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covers the ovaries, lines a portion of the kidney tubules, and lines the thyroid gland, salivary glands,
liver, and pancreas. |
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What shape is the nucleus in cuboidal epithelium?
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Round
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What is the loose ordinary connective tissue immediately surrounding a muscle cell called?
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Endomysium
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What is the connective tissue surrounding a fasicle (bundle of muscle fibers) called?
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Perimysium
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What are the different types of cartilage?
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Hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage
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What are cells of cartilage called?
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Chondrocytes
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What are the layers of connective tissue surrounding the CNS?
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Dura Mater (outer), Arachnoid Mater, Pia Mater
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What is inside the subarachnoid space?
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Nerve roots and CSF
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What is located in the white matter?
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Nerve fibers, glial cells, and blood vessels
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What is located in the gray matter?
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Cell bodies (perikarya) of neurons, glial cells, nerve fibers, and blood vessels
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How can you tell the difference between dendrites and axon hillocks?
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Nissl substance extend into dendrites but not into axon hillocks
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Which one is bigger neuron cell body or glial cell body?
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Neuron
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How can you identify melanin pigment
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Brown color in the basal layers of epidermis
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What is the papillary of the dermis composed of?
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Type I and Type III collagen and elastic fibers
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How can you identify the difference between the papillary layer and the reticular layer of dermis?
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Reticular layer has thicker, coarser bundles of type I collage
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What is the most superficial layer of epidermis called?
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Statum Corneum
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What type of epithelium is characteristic of the ducts in sweat glands?
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Stratified (2 layers) cuboidal epithelium (one of the few places you will find this type of epithelium)
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Describe a hair follicle
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Oval shaped:
Outer Dermal Sheath (dense connective tissue) Epithelial Root Sheath Inner Hair Shaft (keratinized cells) |
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What are arrector pili muscles?
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Bundles of smooth muscle fibers that connect papillary layer of dermis to connective tissue of hair follicle. They are innervated by postganglionic sympathetic fibers (make hair stand up)
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Which has thinner wall - vein or artery?
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Vein
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Are autonomic neurons pseudounipolar or multipolar?
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Multipolar
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What is neurilemma?
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Outermost layer of nerve fiber in the peripheral nervous system
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What is ependyma?
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- type of glial cell
- simple cuboidal epithelium - line brain ventricles - help with CSF production |
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What are microglial cells?
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Phagocytic brain cells
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What are astrocytes?
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- star shaped glial cells
- brain cells that help create blood -brain barrier -scavenge stray ions |
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What are oligodendroglias?
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Form myelin for CNS cells
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What is endoneurium?
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Loose connective tissue that surrounds nerve fiber in PNS
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What is perineurium?
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Dense connective tissue that surrounds fasicle of nerve fibers
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What are cardiac intercalated discs made up of?
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Desmosomes, Fascia Adherens, and Gap Junctions
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How are myosin binding sites in actin uncovered?
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Interaction between calmodulin-bound calcium and caldesmon
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What is the main type of collagen found in bone?
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Type I
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What are canniculi?
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The "tunnels" that connect osteocytes
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What are Howship's lacunae?
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The lacunae around osteoclasts
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What is Wolff's Law
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“Every change in the form and function of a bone or their function alone is followed by
certain definite changes in their internal architecture” (aka if you don't use it, you lose it) |
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What happens when serum calcium levels fall?
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1. Parathyroid release PTH
2. PTH promotes osteocytis osteolysis 3. PTH stimulates osteoblasts to upregulate M-CSF and RANKL 4. Osteoclast activity increases, releasing more Ca to serum |
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Which type of bone is arranged into osteons (Haversion system)?
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Compact bone
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Where do you find woven bone?
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At sites of rapid deposition (e.g. fetus, site of healing fracture)
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What anchors the periosteum to the bone matrix?
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Sharpey's fibers
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What expression factor is expressed when progenitor cells differentiate into osteoblasts?
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CBFA1
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