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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the major salivary glands? Minor?
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Parotid
Submandibular Sublingual These produce 90% of the total volume of saliva The minor: Oral cavity, tongue, and lips |
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What is in saliva?
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water, ions, mucins, antimicrobial substances, IgA, and enzymes and proteins
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What does saliva do?
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Lubricate and wet the oral mucosa
Protect the oral mucosa and teeth Antimicrobial activity Initiate digestion of carbohydrates Hydrolysis of dietary lipids in newborns (lingual lipase) |
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Describe the structure of a salivary gland.
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CT septa
Lobes Lobules Interlobular ducts --> lobar ducts --> main duct Secretory units |
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What is parenchyma?
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Secretory units and ducts
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What is stroma?
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The connective tissue supporting the parenchyma and containing cells, blood vessels, and nerves
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What is the difference between simple and compound glands?
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Simple glands: one secretory units per duct
Compound gland: multiple secretory unit per duct |
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What types of simple/compound glands exist?
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Tubular: long shaped secretory unit
Acinar: round-shaped secretory unit Tubuloacinar: a mix between acinar and tubular |
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What are acini?
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The secretory units (end-pieces) of exocrine glands, whether they appear rounded or tubular on sections, are referred to as acini. Classified as serous, mucous, or mixed.
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What types of acinus are there?
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Mucous acinus: lighter staining
Serous acinus: eosinophilic, darker staining Mixed acinus: contains dark staining "serous demilune" cap |
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What are myoepithelial cells? How to stain for them?
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Myoepithelial cells are located between the basal plasma membranes of acinar cells and the basement membrane. Stain for actin via immunoperoxidase; myoepithelial cells have contractile properties, and also containing cytokeratin. Function is to squeeze the secretion from the secretory lumen into the duct system.
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Describe the interlobule ducts in a salivary gland
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Intercalated ducts (surrounded by simple cuboidal cells) come together to form a striated duct (surrounded by simple columnar epithelia). Highly eosinophilic striated duct unique to salivary glands, striations from infoldings of basal cell infolding containing mitochondria, Na/K ATPase.
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How to stain for mitochondria?
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Succinic dehydrogenase-- can reveal the presence of striated ducts
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What types of glands are in the parotid?
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Pure serous glands: only serous acini, intercalated ducts, conspicuous striated ducts.
30% of saliva! |
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What types of glands are in the submandibular gland?
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Mixed gland: More serous acini than mucous acini; mixed acini with serous demilunes; intercalate ducts; conspicuous striated ducts.
60% of saliva! |
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What types of glands are in the sublingual gland?
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Mixed gland: more mucous acini than serous acini; mixed acini with serous demilunes, and intralobular ducts are poorly developed
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How is isotonic saliva made into hypotonic saliva?
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Na+ Cl- pumped into saliva in acinus, water follows making isotonic saliva.
Na+ Cl- actively pumped out of saliva, while Bicarbonate and K+ is pumped into the saliva from the blood at the level of the striated duct |
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What compounds are in saliva that aid in lubrication, protection, and antimicrobial activities?
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Mucins
Lysozyme Lactoferrin Peroxidase Secretory IgA |
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What growth factors are in saliva?
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Epidermal growth factor
Nerve growth factor |
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What biologically active proteins are in saliva?
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Cystatins (cysteine proteinase inhibitors)
Histatins (his-rich proteins) proline-rich proteins Kallikrein (serine protease) |
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Describe ANS control of saliva secretion
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PSNS: watery saliva
SNS: protein and mucin rich saliva |
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What are the two portions of the pancreas?
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Exocrine portion: head,neck,tail,body --> duct into duodenum
Endocrine portion (Islets of Langerhands) |
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What type of gland is the pancreas? Describe its features
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Compound acinar gland (CT Septa, lobes, and lobules). Pancreatic acini are serous only: centroacinar cells (pale staining, few organelles, no granules); intercalated duct
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What are centroacinar cells?
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The beginning portion of the intercalated duct that extends into the acinus to form centroacinar cells.
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What type of granules do pancreatic acinar cells contain?
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Basophilic zymogen granules
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Describe the enzyme-rich fluid secreted by acinar cells
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Stimulation by CCK:
tripsinogen, chymotripsinogen, procarboxypeptidase, proelastase, trypsin inhibitor; alpha amylase, lipase, phospholipase, deoxyribonuclease, ribonuclease |
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How to distinguish between salivary and pancreatic gland histologically?
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The exocrine pancreas is a compound acinar gland and contains only serous secretory acini, but can be distinguish by:
presence of centroacinar cell, absence of striated ducts, absence of myoepithelial cells |
