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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hematoxylin
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Positively charged dye that binds to negatively charged or basic molecules. They are basophilic.
Binds DNA, ER |
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Eosin
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Negatively charged dye that binds positively charged or acidic molecules. They are hence acidophilic.
these structures stain with the acidic dye eosin, the other component of the standard haematoxylin and eosin (H & E) method. Most cytoplasmic structures are basic and therefore acidophilic to some extent, so that in most tissues the cell cytoplasm stains with eosin and appears pinkish-red. |
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Metachromasia
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The property of a dye in which its staining color is different from its actual color
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Orthochromasia
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Property of a dye in which its staining color is the same as its actual color
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Feulgen reagents
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Reagent that reacts with aldehyde groups. These aldehydes are exposed in DNA (not RNA!) by acid hydrolysis, which removes nitrogenous bases. Feulgen reagent can also react with aldehydes formed by oxidation of hexose hydroxyl groups.
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Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) reaction
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Used to localize hexose sugars. Periodic acid (HIO4) oxidizes adjacent hydroxyl groups to aldehydes which then bind to the Schiff reagent.
PAS stains complex carbohydrates a deep red colour, traditionally described as ma- genta. The mucin produced by goblet cells of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts stains magenta with this technique (and is therefore termed PAS-positive). Basement membranes and the brush borders of kidney tubules and the small and large intestines are also PAS-positive, as is cartilage and to some extent collagen. Glycogen, the intracellular storage form of carbohydrate found in cells such as hepatocytes and muscle cells, is also PAS-positive. |
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glycocalyx
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aka a cell surface coat, the glycocalyx, literally "sugar coat", is a network of polysaccharides that project from cellular surfaces
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toluidine blue
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Toluidine blue is a metachromatic dye, and is frequently employed in that capacity. It is a blue nuclear counterstain, and can be used to demonstrate Nissl substance.
This stain is one of the few stains which will differentially stain tissues in very thin epoxy resin sections, and is particularly used in the high resolution investigation of the structure of the glomerulus in health and disease as well as for high resolution light microscopy of nerves. This dye also stains mast cell granules reddish purple in paraffin sections, a property called ‘metachromasia’. |
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heparin
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a highly-sulfated glycosaminoglycan, is widely used as an injectable anticoagulant, and has the highest negative charge density of any known biological molecule
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resorcin fuchsin
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This stain is used to demonstrate elastin fibres in a tissue.
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elastic fibers
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bundles of proteins (elastin) found in extracellular matrix of connective tissue and produced by fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells in arteries. These fibers can stretch up to 1.5 times their length, and snap back to their original length when relaxed. Elastic fibers include elastin, elaunin and oxytalan.
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Masson Trichrome stain
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This technique is a so-called connective tissue technique since it is used to demonstrate supporting tissue elements, principally collagen. As its name implies, the staining tech- nique produces three colours: nuclei and other basophilic structures are stained blue; colla- gen is stained green or blue depending on which variant of the technique is used; and cyto- plasm, muscle, erythrocytes and keratin are stained bright red.
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Type I collagen
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Type-I collagen is the most abundant collagen of the human body.
It is present in scar tissue, the end product when tissue heals by repair. It is found in tendons, the endomysium of myofibrils and the organic part of bone. |
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Type III collagen
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Type-III collagen is a fibrous scleroprotein in bone, cartilage, tendon, bone marrow stroma and other connective tissue; yields gelatin on boiling.
Scleroprotein is a simple protein found in horny and cartilaginous tissues and in the lens of the eye. Collagen Type III stains Black with Silver Staining |
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Sudan IV Stain
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lysochrome (fat-soluble dye) diazo dye used for the staining of lipids, triglycerides and lipoproteins on frozen paraffin sections.
Sudan Black: These dyes stain lipid-containing structures such as myelin a brownish-black colour for light microscopy. |
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Reticular fiber
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type of fiber in connective tissue composed of type III collagen
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Intima
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The tunica intima (or just intima) is the innermost layer of an artery or vein. It is made up of one layer of endothelial cells and is supported by an internal elastic lamina. The endothelial cells are in direct contact with the blood flow.
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Silver Stain
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Silver staining is used in light microscopy. The metallic silver particles are deposited on sensitised reticulin fibres (type III collagen).
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Osmium tetroxide
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OsO4 is a widely used staining agent used in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to provide contrast to the image, and as a Lipid Stain in light microscopy.
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Immunogold
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he technique of immunogold labeling exploits the ability of the gold particles to adsorb protein molecules onto their surfaces. Colloidal gold particles coated with specific antibodies can be used as probes for the presence and position of antigens on the surfaces of cells
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