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47 Cards in this Set

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American military that does not rely conscription to supply its military needs, caused man-power shortage

All-Volunteer Force (AVF)

Battle for control of the Atlantic Ocean, between German and Allies.

Battle of the Atlantic

Bombing of industrial targets to impede a nation's ability to wage war, with civilian targets as a last resort. Used for WWII

AWPD-1

Two-pronged attack in 1943-1944 in the Pacific.


MacArthur leading charge on Philippines, Nimitz going through the Solomon Islands. Both had Rabaul as a target

Operation CARTWHEEL

Continuous bombing of German targets by British and Americans, British bombing at night & Americans bombing during the day

Combined Bomber Offensive

Combination of British Chiefs of Staff Committee and American Joint Chiefs of Staff. Used for planning for Europe in WWII

Combined Chiefs of Staff

Pacification program to generate support for South Vietnamese government in rural areas & create defectors from VC/NVA

CORDS

Supreme Allied Commander during WWII

Dwight D. Eisenhower

Policy introduced by Kennedy to respond to any measure of aggression, using conventional and nuclear warfare. Used as a method of deterrence

Flexible Response

1st major battle between America and NVA. Marked first use of helicopters by Americans.

Battle of Ia Drang

Officially recognized under the National Security Act of 1947, it's a combination of major branches

Joint Chiefs of Staff

Fleet Admiral of US Navy in WWII in Atlantic

Ernest J. King

US Policy to lend material aid to allied nations to keep them afloat during WWII

Lend-Lease

Biggest battle between Japanese and America, first organized used of kamikazes. Destruction of Japanese Fleet

Battle of Leyte Gulf

Major bombing offensive by Nixon to stop the flow of materials for the Easter Offensive and bring NV into serious negotiations

Operation LINEBACKER

Army commander of the Pacific during WWII, commander of UN forces for portion of Korean War before being replaced by Matthew Ridgeway

Douglas MacArthur

Failed British-planned operation to drive into Germany through its Northern border. American and British airborne heavily used

Operation MARKET-GARDEN

Chief of Staff during WWII, Secretary of Defense for Korean War

George C. Marshall

Policy to respond with nuclear arms to aggression. No clear line on what would draw nuclear retaliation

Massive Retaliation

1st major naval battle of WWII, major US victory. Causes Japan navy to become ineffective in supplying outer islands

Battle of Midway

Preacher of air power

William Mitchell

Invasion of the 1st true Japanese island, last major battle of WWII. American victory

Battle of Okinawa

Normandy

Operation OVERLORD

Guiding force in the creation of the National Defense Act of 1920, advisor on the War Department of the General Staff in WWII

John McAuley Palmer

Nickname "Great Marianas Turkey Shoot", elimination of most naval carriers for Japan. Largest carrier-to-carrier battle in history

Battle of Philippine Sea

Creation of three main sections of army, regular army, national guard, and army reserves.

National Defense Act of 1920

Created the Air Force as a separate entity, merged Department of War/Army/Navy into National Military Establishment. Created CIA & Joint Chiefs of Staff

National Security Act of 1947

Provides the blueprint for America during the Cold War. Advocated large military budget, advancing nuclear armament, & protecting American allies from communist aggression

NSC-68

Line where UN forces were pushed back to in Korean war

Pusan Perimeter

Bombing campaign implemented by Johnson to prop up SV government and keep NV from supplying VC. Not majorly effective due to restrictions imposed by Johnson

Operation ROLLING THUNDER

destined to be the basis for American strategy in World War II, assumed that the United States was allied with Britain and France and provided for offensive operations by American forces in Europe, Africa, or both

RAINBOW-5

Draft for WWII, peacetime draft.

Selective Service and Training Act of 1940

3 ways of delivering nuclear warheads, strategic bombers, inter-continental basaltic missile (ICBM), sub-marine launched ballistic missile (SLBM)

The Strategic or Nuclear Triad

NVA/VC attack on major SV cities. Planned on SV uprising, but led to strengthening of SV government. Misreporting led US public to believe Tet Offensive was major success

Tet Offensive

Combination of all three armies: army, national guard, & army reserves

Total Force

Plan to counter Soviet expansion, led to the start of NATO and may be start of Cold War

Truman Doctrine

Coalition of many nations to prevent a third world war. Forces fought in Korea, led by MacArthur

United Nations

Communist guerrillas fighting in SV with the help of the NVA. Destroyed after the Tet Offensive

Viet Cong

Plan for America to slowly exit Vietnam and help ARVN fight its own war

Vietnamization

series of United StatesJoint Army and Navy Board war plans for dealing with a possible war with Japan during the years between the First and Second World Wars.

War Plan ORANGE

Compare and contrast American strategy in the Second World War and Vietnam. What were the United States’ goals in each conflict and what strategies did it employ to obtain them?What factors shaped American strategy in each case?


Discuss American military mobilization during the Second World War and Korea. What factors influenced manpower and industrial mobilization? In turn, how did mobilization influence American strategy?


How did atomic weapons influence American defense policy in the decades following WorldWar II? Be sure to consider the developments within the individual armed services inaddition to changes in national strategy and policy.

· Nuclear Triad


· Caution in military matters involving SovietUnion/China


· Money spent on developing nuclearpayloads/developmental programs

Compare American and Allied involvement in Korea with that in Vietnam. How were the two wars similar and how were they different? Be sure to consider the diplomatic and the domestic environments in addition to the inherent military problems posed by each conflict


How did changing technology alter the practice of warfare from 1865 to 1975? What technological innovations have had the greatest impact? In your opinion, how well did the American military adjust to these changes?


What forces have shaped American military strategy from the Revolutionary War through the Vietnam War? How have those forces changed? How do you account for this change (or these changes) and which one (ones) do you feel are most important and why? (Hint: your focus should be on analyzing general trends, not creating a chronological list of campaigns.)


Compare and contrast the ways the United States raised its armies during the Revolutionary War, the Civil War, and the Second World War. How did American manpower procurement policies change over time? How do you account for these changes?