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69 Cards in this Set
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Aeneas
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mythological hero mentioned in Homer’s Iliad; saved from the gods as a leader of Trojans’ dardanian allies; “King of Trojan People”
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Poseidon
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Alexandria
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founded by Alexander 331 BCE, to supersede Naucratis as a Hellenistic center in Egypt and link to Greece and Nile Valley
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Antigonids
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a dynasty of Hellenistic kings descended from Alexander's general Antigonus I Monophthalmus
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Archimedes
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one of the people who promoted a flourishing of literature, architecture, and scientific achievement in Hellenistic Monarchies
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Attalids
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ruled Pergamon, wealthiest Hellenistic Kingdom, largest part of Persian empire, Hellenistic statues came from here
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Augury
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practice from ancient Roman religion of interpreting omens from the observed flight of birds
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Augustus
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the founder of the Roman Empire and its first Emperor
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Battle of Actium
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when Octavian fought Antony and Antony had to flee to Egypt; Octavian rules all of the Mediterranean
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Battle of Gaugamela
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last stand of Darius; Alexander pushed into the Egyptian Empire and Persia, and Darius’ army was defeated by Alexander, while Darius fled the battle when he had more troops
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Battle of Issus
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war in southern Anatolia in 333 BCE when Alexander the Great fought the Achaemenid Persians
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Battle of the Milvian Bridge
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312 CE; wins control of the Roman empire
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Carthage
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the centre of the ancient Carthaginian civilization; main rivals of Rome
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Christianity
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religion beginning in the Middle East where all the members were either Jewish or converted into the religion; mixed with Platonic philosophy; promises a better lot for people in the afterlife
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Cleopatra VII
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69-30 BCE; last active pharaoh to rule Egypt in the Ptolemaic dynasty; ruled after taking all the power from her younger brother Ptolemy XIII; upon finding out that Marc Antony was defeated by Augustus, she committed suicide by drinking a mixture of poisons
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Client kings / kingdoms
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subjects of Rome (i.e. Armenia, Judia); strategy from Romans to pick kings to leave administrative duties to them
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Consul
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rule for one year; at least two members at a time; carries out work of the state; generals
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Demetrius I
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Macedonian nobleman, military leader and became king of Macedon in 294 BCE to 288 BCE; Antigonid dynasty
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Demosthenes
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384-322 BCE; defender of Athenian and Greek freedom; made his way to the public through his speeches known as Philippics
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Dido
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the founder and first Queen of Carthage; legendary
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Diocletian
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Roman emperor from 284-305 BCE; blamed the Christians that the haruspices weren’t clear and that everyone were to purify themselves
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Dominate
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late Roman empire phase of government that follows the Principate; collapses into the hands of the Turkish Ottoman Empire
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Edict of Milan
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made Christianity legal to practice
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Etruscan culture
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people are viewed as individuals; the bronze chariot; practiced augury and haruspices
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Franks
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confederation of Germanic tribes in the land of Lower and Middle Rhine in 3rd cent. CE; raided Roman territory or joined Roman troops known as Gaul
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Gnaeus Pompey
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Roman political/milit. leader. “Magnus the Great”
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Golden Age of Latin Literature
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Under Augustus, intellectual enlightening. Livy and Illiad. Late 1st century BCE.
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Gordian Knot
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knot that was said that Alexander had untied. fulfilling the prophecy that he would rule all of Asia Minor
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Hadrian’s Wall
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marks the line where Trajan got to.
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Hannibal
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Main general of the Carthaginians; marched around with elephants during the Punic wars; more soldiers kept coming when Roman kept recruiting from the city-states
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Haruspicy
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religious practice of ancient Rome with the study of the livers of sacrificed sheep and other poultry
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Hellenistic kingdoms (characteristics of)
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adopted pre-existing local traditions of how to govern and the iconography of kingship; Seleucid and Ptolemaic monarchies → local ruler cults; arts and sciences produced flourishing of literature, architecture and scientific achievement
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Hellenistic philosophies (general knowledge)
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General philosophies (i.e. Stoicism)
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Judaism (general characteristics)
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located in Alexandria, Egypt and Antioch, Turkey; found in the end of the 4th cent. BCE; translated the Hebrew Bible into Koine Greek
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Julius Caesar
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Predecessor to Augustus, played role in Roman Republic’s demise; rises to the Roman Empire.
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Livy
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Latin Golden Age of literature. Wrote the entire history of Rome and its people.
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Koine
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word for the common Greek culture that emerges in the Hellenistic period that led to Alexander’s conquest
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Macedonia
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area north of Italy; place where Philip II, Olympias and Alexander the Great are from
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Manicheism
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one of the salvation religions of the high imperial period. Augustine was one
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Mark Antony
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killed by Augustus
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Mos maiorum
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the ways of the ancestors; Roman cultural principle; exceed the greatness.
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Neoplatonism
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3rd cent. CE; doctrine of “the One”/“the Good”; Plutarch
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Octavian / Augustus
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killed Marc Antony
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Paganism
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traditional religion in all societies of the ancient Mediterranean world: worshipped gods and goddesses, sacrificed animals, sacred land where rituals will be held
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Pax Romana
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literature, the arts, protection of private property, Romanization
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Pergamon
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ancient Greek city; colony of the Arcadians
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Philip II
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father figure of Alexander the great; ruled Macedonia from 357 until his assassination in 336 BCE.
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Pietas
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chief virtues among the ancient Romans; Augustus covering his head in honor the gods; also Anais; correct world order
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Plato
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Greek philosopher and mathematician in Classical Greece
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Polybius
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rise of the Roman Republic; how Rome came to all of world control; account of the Roman government.
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Princeps senatus
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Augustus co-op with prestige old male who has won many battles in his lifetime and serves multiple council chairs
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Principate
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231 BCE; when Augustus took power where the emperor and the senate rule as one
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Ptolemies
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dynasty of pharaohs in Egypt of Greek descent; reign began when Alexander conquered Egypt and ended with Cleopatra VII
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Roman Assemblies
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Machinery of the Roman legislative branch. Checked by the senate. Ended after Roman Republic collapsed.
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Roman Citizenship
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Held relationship with emperor in Ruler Cult. Privileged class with the rest (women, slaves, freedmen) under them with less rights. Granted to all in 212 by Caracalla.
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Roman Empire
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Collapse of Roman assemblies. Expansion under emperor, split up between east and west.
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Roman Monarchy (general knowledge of monarchs)
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developed of Roman imperial rule; supported cultural and artistic programs that were emulated by later European monarchs
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Roman Republic
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Removal of kings, before Julius’ assassination.
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Roman views of Christianity
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Killed people for being Christians, saw them as cannibals.
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Romulus
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son of Rhea Silvia; killed his twin brother Remus and founded Rome under his name
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Romulus Augustulus
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last of the Western Roman emperors, takes charge for 10 months before Germanic Odoacer takes over Rome.
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Ruler Cult
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combination of hero worship and ruler worship. (i.e. pharaohs); rules as gods in the Hellenistic period
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Sasanid / Sasanian Persians
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empire that takes over in the east; fought many wars with the Romans
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Second Punic War
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second major war between Carthage and the Roman Republic, Roman victory, Rome gains absolute domination of the western Mediterranean.
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Second Sophistic
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resurgence of the production of literature; Silver Age of Rome literature; (Trajan; Pax Romana)
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Seleucids
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successors of Alexander in Syria
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Senators
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in ancient Rome, the governing and advisory council that proved to be the most permanent element in the Roman constitution. Had 300 people.
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Silver Age of Latin Literature
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First century Augustan Age writing when speeches were dangerous to make. Satire was prevalent. So was works of stoic philosophy.
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Vestal Virgins
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were priestesses of Vesta, goddess of the hearth. Studied after taking a vow of chastity.
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Visigoths
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branches of nomadic tribes of Germanic peoples collectively known as the Goths. |
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