His 101 Test 1

Front 1

Early Humans:
-types?
-how old?
-origin?

Back 1

homosapians- 200,000 years old.
modern humans- 90,000 years old (originated from Africa)

Front 2

Old Stone Age:
-aka?
-time?
-5 facts?

Back 2

-aka, The Paleolithic Age
-2,500,000-10,000 B.C.
-First use of stone tools
-Lived in groups in caves or huts

Hint 2

-Adaptation to environment
-Nomadic hunters and gatherers
-Historians believe people of O.S.A. were healthier than the N.S.A., probably due to diseases.

Front 3

New Stone Age:
-aka?
-time?
-2 facts
-Oldest settlements (2)?

Back 3

-aka, The Neolithic Age
-10,000-4,000 B.C. (followed last Ice Age)
-Agricultural Revolution- planted and domesticated animals (people stopped wandering. They settled and learned how to farm).

Hint 3

-Communal living (man started altering physical world)
-Oldest Settlements:
1.) Jericho- fortified wall surrounded city (considered oldest community)
2.)Catal Huyuk- larger/later

Front 4

Bronze Age:
-time?
-5 hallmarks of civilization?
-type of hiarchy +define

Back 4

-3,100-1,200 B.C.
1.) Increasing importance of metals.
2.) Communities led to urbanism (continous growth of cities)
3.) Trade led to long-distance travel.

Hint 4

4.) Development of writing system.
5.) Accelerated social, technologiacal, and industrial development.
-social hiarchy- society with leader.

Front 5

Mesopotamian Civilization:
-aka?
-territory around which 2 rivers?
-6 facts

Back 5

-aka, "land between the rivers"; territory around the Tigris+Euphrates Rivers
1.) first real appearance of a civilization;2.) Economy primarily depended on farming;3.) very little rainfall-- irrigation and canals built;4.) spent most of time taming water and farming;5.) no stone, wood, or precious metals--used mudbricks for bulding;6.) large trade network with other territories

Front 6

Early Humans:
-types?
-how old?
-origin?

Back 6

homosapians- 200,000 years old.
modern humans- 90,000 years old (originated from Africa)

Front 7

Old Stone Age:
-aka?
-time?
-5 facts?

Back 7

-aka, The Paleolithic Age
-2,500,000-10,000 B.C.
-First use of stone tools
-Lived in groups in caves or huts

Hint 7

-Adaptation to environment
-Nomadic hunters and gatherers
-Historians believe people of O.S.A. were healthier than the N.S.A., probably due to diseases.

Front 8

New Stone Age:
-aka?
-time?
-2 facts
-Oldest settlements (2)?

Back 8

-aka, The Neolithic Age
-10,000-4,000 B.C. (followed last Ice Age)
-Agricultural Revolution- planted and domesticated animals (people stopped wandering. They settled and learned how to farm).

Hint 8

-Communal living (man started altering physical world)
-Oldest Settlements:
1.) Jericho- fortified wall surrounded city (considered oldest community)
2.)Catal Huyuk- larger/later

Front 9

Bronze Age:
-time?
-5 hallmarks of civilization?
-type of hiarchy +define

Back 9

-3,100-1,200 B.C.
1.) Increasing importance of metals.
2.) Communities led to urbanism (continous growth of cities)
3.) Trade led to long-distance travel.

Hint 9

4.) Development of writing system.
5.) Accelerated social, technologiacal, and industrial development.
-social hiarchy- society with leader.

Front 10

Mesopotamian Civilization:
-aka?
-territory around which 2 rivers?
-6 facts

Back 10

-aka, "land between the rivers"; territory around the Tigris+Euphrates Rivers
1.) first real appearance of a civilization;2.) Economy primarily depended on farming;3.) very little rainfall-- irrigation and canals built;4.) spent most of time taming water and farming;5.) no stone, wood, or precious metals--used mudbricks for bulding;6.) large trade network with other territories

Front 11

Early Humans:
-types?
-how old?
-origin?

Back 11

homosapians- 200,000 years old.
modern humans- 90,000 years old (originated from Africa)

Front 12

Old Stone Age:
-aka?
-time?
-5 facts?

Back 12

-aka, The Paleolithic Age
-2,500,000-10,000 B.C.
-First use of stone tools
-Lived in groups in caves or huts

Hint 12

-Adaptation to environment
-Nomadic hunters and gatherers
-Historians believe people of O.S.A. were healthier than the N.S.A., probably due to diseases.

Front 13

New Stone Age:
-aka?
-time?
-2 facts
-Oldest settlements (2)?

Back 13

-aka, The Neolithic Age
-10,000-4,000 B.C. (followed last Ice Age)
-Agricultural Revolution- planted and domesticated animals (people stopped wandering. They settled and learned how to farm).

Hint 13

-Communal living (man started altering physical world)
-Oldest Settlements:
1.) Jericho- fortified wall surrounded city (considered oldest community)
2.)Catal Huyuk- larger/later

Front 14

Bronze Age:
-time?
-5 hallmarks of civilization?
-type of hiarchy +define

Back 14

-3,100-1,200 B.C.
1.) Increasing importance of metals.
2.) Communities led to urbanism (continous growth of cities)
3.) Trade led to long-distance travel.

Hint 14

4.) Development of writing system.
5.) Accelerated social, technologiacal, and industrial development.
-social hiarchy- society with leader.

Front 15

Mesopotamian Civilization:
-aka?
-territory around which 2 rivers?
-6 facts

Back 15

-aka, "land between the rivers"; territory around the Tigris+Euphrates Rivers
1.) first real appearance of a civilization;2.) Economy primarily depended on farming;3.) very little rainfall-- irrigation and canals built;4.) spent most of time taming water and farming;5.) no stone, wood, or precious metals--used mudbricks for bulding;6.) large trade network with other territories

Front 16

Mesopotamia:Sumerians:
-lived where?
-language?
-name of their written language?
-5 other facts

Back 16

-Lived in Sumer (where rivers emptied in2 Persian Gulf)
-Language: Sumerian
-Produced written language called cuneiform.

Hint 16

1.)First inhabitants of Southern Mesopotamia;2.) Developed # system based on 60; 3.)Wrote "Epic of Gilgamesh" ;4.) Have a written history; 5.) Later developed the wheel, plow, oar, and monarchy (one single person in charge)

Front 17

Mesopotamia: Sumerians-Ziggurats:
-what is a ziggurat, who could enter, and what center did it serve for?
-define theocracy
-religion?
-5 facts

Back 17

-Temples built for gods to inhabit; served as physical and political center (priests only).;Theocracy- cities ruled by priests.
-religion: polythiestic (many gods)

Hint 17

1.)Temples owned land/herads (wealthy);2.) At 1st theocracy;3.) gods ruled cities- then power went from gods to kings; 4.)people looked up to priests for all answers to everything;5.)Mesopotamians DID NOT WORK for an afterlife, but WORKED hard for gods of the earth and sky.

Front 18

Mesopotamia:Sumerians-Political Organization:
-4 facts
-define Semitic

Back 18

-city-states grew and developed independently (Ur and Babylon)
-Area had no natural barriers and they were always open to outside attack.
-Controlled by various rulers who tried to unify area.
-Semetic peoples (northern territory) later grew and took over territories of Sumerians.

Hint 18

-Semitic- speaking a language related to Hebrew and Arabic.

Front 19

Ancient Near East: Heirs of Mesopotamia:
-1 ruler
-Dynasties or Ur

Back 19

1.) 2350 B.C.: early unifier, Sargon I (Akkadians), 1st empire in history; empire lasted 200 years- fell to outside attacks

Hint 19

2.) 2125 B.C. rulers arose in Ur, built on remnants of Akkadian empire; Sumerian culture flourished under the Dynasties of Ur; after fall of 3rd Dynasty of Ur the Sumerian peoples gradually began to lose their identity- blended in- however their written language survived for scholarly people and was still used 17 centuries later.

Front 20

Ancient Near East: Amorites:
-8 facts

Back 20

-Amorites ruled after Dynasties of Ur.
-High point was the reign of Hammurabi.
-Reign: 1792-1750-known for Collection of Laws.

Hint 20

-He created empire including most of Mesopotamia.
- His famous Code of Hammurabi, shows society divided by social classes (nobles, commoners, slaves.)
-Laws based on "eye for an eye- tooth for a tooth."
-False testimony punishable by death.
-empire fell from outside attacks by Hittites, 1600 B.C.

Front 21

Anchient Near East: Assyrians:
-location
-what is their reputation?
-religion
-kings

Back 21

1.) located in upper Tigris.
2.) Earned reputation for their cruelty.
3.)Assyrians had one national god: Ashur and then local gods were worshipped.

Hint 21

1.) Later Assyrian king force Hebrews into exhile in Babylon.
2.) Ruler Ashurbanipal, 700 B.C. (created massive library at Ninevah), he was the last great Assyrian ruler-30,000 clay tablets survived providing wealth of information.

Front 22

Anchient Near East: Assyrians:
-describe their army
-who overran them?
-3 facts

Back 22

-developed strong and well organized armies
-1st to use iron weapons, damned rivers to Babylon, used chariots, and fought brutally to the end (torture and destruction).
-Seige warfare: laid total waste to land, destroyed food.
-Rulers had absolute authority and well organized precincts- they had an extensive intelligence network and very advanced communication system.

Hint 22

-Assyrians overrun by Nebuchadnezzar (Chaldeans)
1.) Semitic speaking people who had lived under other's rule.
2.) At one time, just plundered but now sought to conquer territories with a vengeance.
3.) Assyrians created the largest empire to date.

Front 23

Anchient Near East: Babylonians (Chaldeans):
-king (5 facts)

Back 23

1.) Nebuchadnezzer-reigned in 605 B.C., he was a succesful warrior and king.
2.) He took over Jerusalem and entire population prisoners.

Hint 23

3.) Built the famous Hanging Gardens- outlasted the Chaldeans.
4.) Made Baylon into a magnificent city (temples, palaces, monuments) and Babylon became center of world trade.
5.) Later empire became unstable and it passed through numbers of rulers.

Front 24

Ancient Egypt: Egyptian Civilization:
-time
-7 facts

Back 24

-4,000-1,750 B.C.
1.)Civilization based on the Nile River.
2.)Nile is uniqe-longest-miracle is annual flooding after harvest of crops.
3.)Nile served as major waterway; Nile divided Egypt into Upper and Lower Egypt.

Hint 24

4.)Egypt-long and narrow- city states tied together by nile.
5.)Much stability, plitically, and security-natural barriers.
6.)3,000 year period divided into 3 kingdoms (31 dynasties)
7.) Intermediate periods-instability- no cohesive pharoahs.

Front 25

Ancient Egypt: Old Kingdom:
-Who found it?
-5 facts

Back 25

- founded by Menes.
1.) Menes united Upper and Lower Egypt.
2.) Period characterized by prosperity and stability.
3.) He established a capital a Memphis.

Hint 25

4.) Art, literature, medicine, architecture, and engineering flourished.
5.) Trade with other areas grew tremendously.

Front 26

Ancient Egypt: Pharoahs:
-5 facts

Back 26

1.) Pharaohs were god-kings (absolute power)
2.) Descendent of sun god "Ra" (Re)
3.) Master of "Great House"

Hint 26

4.)He built temples in return for gods' watchful care of state-sought to maintain equalibrium for universe.
5.) Elaborate government of royal officials helped him rule.

Front 27

Ancient Egypt: Pyramids:
-6 facts
-What period followed the Old Kingdom?

Back 27

1.) built in Old Kingdom to represent royal power many complex structures built in Upper Egypt.
2.) Stepped pyramids led to true pyramids-ramp to heaven.
3.) 1st step pyramid- King Zoser.
4.) Pyramids represent vast resources (labor and wealth) and remarkable technical skill.

Hint 27

5.) Most took 15-20 years to complete.
6.) Built by slave labor and paid workers.
7.) First Intermediate Period followed Old Kingdom; weak kings- disorder and decentralization.

Front 28

Ancient Egypt: Middle Kingdom:
-5 facts

Back 28

King Amuneemhet I (Mentuhotep) united north and south and restored peace.
2.) Thebes became the capital.
3.) Promoted people based on merits.

Hint 28

4.) 1st democratic king.
5.) Hyksos- group of people with horses and chariots from Western Asia; conquered the Egyptians.