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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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How are esters formed? |
By reacting an alcohol with a carboxylic acid (known as a condensation reaction) |
(-OH) (COOH) |
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What is eliminated in a condensation reaction? |
Water |
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What are esters used for? |
Scents, solevents |
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Why is a low boiling point good for esters? |
It allows them to evaporate easily. They are often found in nail garnishes and spray paints |
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What is hydrolysis of an ester? |
When an ester reacts with water to form an alcohol and a carboxylic acid |
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What is formed in the hydrolysis of methyl ethanoate |
Methanol and ethanoic acid |
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How are fats and oils formed? |
From the reaction between glycerol and 3 fatty acid molecules |
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What is the chemical name for glycerol? |
Propan-1,2,3-triol |
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What is the state of a fat and an oil at room temperature? |
Fast are solids and oils are liquid |
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What are broken when fats melt? |
Intermolecular bonds. ( van Der waals ) |
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Are fat molecules saturated or unsaturated? |
Saturated, it has no c=c |
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Are oils saturated or unsaturated? |
Unsaturated as they have a c=c |
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What is the structure of a fat and what is the force of attraction? |
they are packed tightly together and this increases the force of attraction |
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What is the structure of an oil and how does this effect the force of attraction? |
Oils have a distorted structure because of the c=c which makes it harder to pack them tightly together and therefore decreases van der waals forces |
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What area more concentrated source of energy? |
Fast and oils |
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What reaction is the break down of an ester? |
Hydrolysis |
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Give an example of a protein and its function |
Insulin is a hormone that controls blood sugar levels |
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What are enzymes? |
They are biological catalysts |
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What are proteins made up of? |
Amino acids |
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What are amino acids? |
The building blocks of proteins, they contain an amino group (NH2) and a carboxyl group (COOH) |
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How are peptide bonds formed from amino acids? |
We take out the OH from the carboxyl and take out the H from the amino groups to form a peptide bond. Water is made too. |
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What is condensation polymerisation? |
The reaction of amino acids to form a protein |
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Water are essential amino acids? |
Amino acids that must be obtained from your diet |
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How are proteins broken down and what are formed during this? |
They are broken up by hydrolysis in the digestive tract to give us amino acids |
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What happens when an enzyme is heated above 40°c |
It becomes dentured |
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What happens when a protein becomes dentured? |
Thehdeogen bonds break, altering the structure |
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What is the functional group in an alcohol? |
OH |
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What is a primary alcohol? |
The OH group is at the end of the carbon chain |
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What is a secondary alcohol? |
When the OH group is on the middle of the carbon chain |
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What is a tertiary alcohol? |
When the OH is in the middle of the carbon Chan but also has a branch attached to the the side |
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What happens when a primary alcohol is oxidised? |
They produce aldehydes |
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