Higher Biology Cell Wall And Plasma Membrane

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Cellulose

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Structural carbohydrate made of long chains of glucose molecules. Cellulose molecules twist together to make strong fibres. The cell wall is made of cellulose.

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Hydrophilic

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Describes a molecule that is water loving. Cellulose is hydrophilic as are the phosphate heads of the cell membrane.

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Hydrophobic

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Describes a molecules that is water hating. The inside lipid bilayer of the cell membrane is hydrophobic.

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Fluid mosaic model

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Theory used to describe the structure of the plasma membrane. It is fluid as phospholipid bilayer is constantly moving. It is a mosaic because the proteins are scattered in a patchy arrangement.

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Plasma Membrane

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Outer barrier of an animal cell. Inner barrier of a plant cell. Controls the transport of molecules into and out of the cell. It is both porous and fluid.

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Cell Wall

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Part of a plant cell that is made of cellulose and provides a rigid structure. The cell wall is also a bit elastic which allows it to stretch when water is absorbed.

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Phospholipid Bilayer

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The main component of the cell membrane. There are two opposing layers of phospholipid molecules.

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Phospholipid

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Molecule consisting of a hydrophilic head, which forms the outer part of the membrane and a hydrophobic tail which forms the inner part of the cell membrane.

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Glycoprotein

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Membrane surface protein that has carbohydrate addition. Often these a used as cell surface markers called antigens.

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Receptor Proteins

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Membrane surface proteins that act as receivers for hormones or antibodies.

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Channel Protein

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Transmembrane protein that makes the cell membrane porous and allows the movement of substances across the membrane.

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Integral Protein

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Transmembrane protein that has a supporting function.