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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
6 nutrients |
carbs, fats, proteins, water, vitamins, minerals |
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nutrition |
process by which organism break down food for metabolism |
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minerals |
chemical elements that organisms used for normal functioning |
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what category are these things: calcium, iron, phosphorus, iodine |
minerals |
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vitamins |
coenzymes important in biological reactions |
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autotrophs |
organism capable of making their own food |
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2 types of autotrophs |
photosynthetic and chemosynthetic |
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heterotrophs |
organisms that cannot make their own food and must feed off of other organisms |
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calorie |
amount of heat energy to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius |
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1 kilocalorie = x calories |
x = 1000 |
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ingestion |
taking in food |
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digestion |
breaking down food |
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mechanical digestion |
food is broken down by physical means such as cutting, grinding, and tearing to increase the surface area of the food prior to the chemical digestion |
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chemical digestion |
large organic molecules are changed chemically to smaller organic molecules by enzymatic hydrolysis |
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absorption |
the passage of materials across a cell membrane into the cell |
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egestion |
the removal of undigested or indigestible material by heterotrophs. may lack specific enzymes or exposure to available enzymes may be too small |
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oral cavity |
mechanical and chemical digestion |
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saliva |
wet and forms bolus |
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salivary amylase |
breaks down starch to maltose |
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pharynx |
starts automatic swollowing reflex |
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epiglottis |
prevents food and liquid from entering trachea |
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esophagus |
moves food by peristalsis (contractions) |
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stomach |
mechanical and chemical digestion |
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mechanical digestion in stomach |
food churned and mixed |
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chemical digestion in stomach |
pyloric and gastric glands |
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pyloric glands |
secretes mucous, covers stomach lining, protects from digesting itself |
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gastric glands |
secretes gastric juice that contains hydrochloric acid that DOES NOT HELP IN DIGESTION, ONLY HELPS KILL BACTERIA IN FOOD. the gastric glands also secret pepsin |
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pepsin |
breaks down proteins |
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how long does it take for liquids to pass in the stomach |
20 minutes |
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how long does it take for solids to pass in the stomach |
2-6 hours, must be reduced to chyme |
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chyme |
thin soupy liquid |
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small intestine parts |
duodenum,jejunum, and ileum |
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small intestine - site of _______ |
absorption |
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where does most chemical digestion take place? |
small intestine |
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villus |
fingerlike projectors that increase surface area in small intestine |
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blood capillaries |
absorbs carbs and proteins |
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lacteal |
absorbs fatty acids and glycerol |
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pancreatic juice |
contains amylase, protease, and lipase |
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amylase |
salt to maltose |
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protease |
proteins |
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lipase |
fats |
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bile |
produced in liver and stored in gall bladder |
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emulsification |
mechanical breakdown of fats |
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intestinal juice |
completes digestion of carbs and proteins, end products diffuse into blood |
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large intestine |
no digestion, reabsorption of water and absorption of vitamins |
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rectum |
stores fecal matter |
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anus |
removes fecal matter |
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ulcers |
erosion of stomach lining |
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constipation |
too much water is absorbed |
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diarrhea |
not enough water is absorbed |
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appendicitis |
inflammation of the appendix |
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gallstones |
an accumulation of hardened cholesterol deposits in the gall bladder |