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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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William of Normandy
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Battle of Hastings.. Franca vs. William-- William victory
William as king Unified AngloSaxons and Norman French Census-collected taxes |
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Henry II
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inherited throne
jury system expanding power lead to fight with church over authority -first laws-first legal system- legal system based on custom and court rulings |
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King John
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son of Henry II
enemies: King Philip II, Pope Innocent III & nobles lost Anju and Normandy to King Philip II - Excommunicated by Pope innocent III- took away nobles power had to pay a fee ---Magna Carta--forced to sign *asserted noble rights *parliment |
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habeaous corpus
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principle that no one person can be held in prison without chage of crime
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Parliment
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England legislature
two house body- house of lords nobled & clergy -- house of commons with knights & middle citizens -----power of $ |
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Hugh Carpet
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weak leader
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Philip II
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strengthen royal government
-organized army -granted charter -national tax control of southern france |
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Louis IX
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religious
was made a saint persecution of jews-knight crusades wars against muslims |
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crusades
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christians battled Muslims for control of lands in Middle East - Jerusalem- series of wars
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Holy Land
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Jerusalem and other places in Palestine where Christians believed Jesus preached or lived
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Lay Investure
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appointment if bishops, abbots or other church officials by feudal lords and vassals
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Why did popes and kings battle over lay investiture?
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showed how secular world has power over religious and the church was against this because Church wants independence from secular rulers
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Philip IV
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disagreement with church
taxes from clergy decline of papacy |
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estate
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social class
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general estates
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First: clergy
Second: nobles Third: everyone else |
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England
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-royal power limited by Magna Carta
-Parliament made laws -built jury system -protection of rights -fought with popes |
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France
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-set up estates general
-built an army -throne hereditary -Roman Catholic Church -pope limited power |
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France & England
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strong leaders
bureaucracy expanded territory tax system |
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Otto I - emperor
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King of Germany
given title by Church cooperated with Church ------ crowned emperor |
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Gregory VII - pope
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banned lay investiture
wanted to make church independent of secular rule excommunicated Henry -------gave pope more power exiled |
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Henry IV- emperor
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argued with Gregory VII
put pope (gregory) into exile -----excommunicated by pope |
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Frederick I
[Fredrick Barbarossa] [Red Beard] |
defeated Barbarossa armies
tried to control Northern Italy ------holy roman empire became patchwork of feudal states |
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Pope Innocent III
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claimed supremacy for all other rulers
excommunicated king john crusades ----clashed with all other rulers strengthened pope power |
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papacy
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pope power
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Seljuk Turks (impact in crusades)
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gained wealth and land
control of holy land |
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Pope Urban II
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increased his power
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Crusaders
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christians
soldiers nobles serfs peasants |
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Byzantine Emperor
Alexius I (crusades) |
wrote a letter to Pope Urban asking for help of holy land
protect his empire |
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Richard the Lionhearted (impact in crusades)
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king of england who wanted to retake the holy land for pope
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Impact of Crusades
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-religious hatred
-European economies expanded and trade increases -returning crusaders brought fabrics, spices perfumes, back to Europe -Venice, Genoa, Pisa grew - pope power increased - widened gap between Eastern and Western churches |
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Cause of Crusades
>people wanted to free the holy land from Seljuk control >people want to get rich and gain new land |
Effects of Crusades
>trade increase >people of diff. religions hate each other |
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The Reconquista
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Kingdom Portugal established
marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella created Spain |
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Scholasticism
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used reason to support Christian beliefs: resolve conflict b/w faith and reason
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Thomas Aquinas
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scholastic who concluded that faith and reason exist in harmony
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Vernacular
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everyday languages of ordinary people
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Dante Alighieri
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Italian poet wrote Divine Comedy
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Geoffery Chaucer
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English writer wrote Canterbury Tales
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Gothic Style
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European architecture - fly buttress , ribbed vaultiny, thin walls, high roofs
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Flying Buttress
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stone supports ..stood outside church
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Black Death
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disease spread through Europe
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Epidemic
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out break of rapid spreading disease
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Inflation
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rising prices
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Schism
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split
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Long Bow
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six foot long bow could rapidly fire arrows with strong force
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