Hid 011912

Front 1

eukaryotes

Back 1

nulticellular; nuclear membrane; membrane-bound organelles present; always sterols; 80s=40s+60s; absent or sellulose/chitin; yes-mitosis

Front 2

prokaryotes

Back 2

single cells; DNA incontact with sytoplasm; no organelles; 70s=30s+50s; peptidoglycan; no-mitosis

Front 3

bacteria

Back 3

single cell prokaryotes

Front 4

viruses

Back 4

cannot reproduce on their own

Front 5

protozoa

Back 5

one-celled eukaryotes

Front 6

fungi

Back 6

single or multi-cellular eukaryotes

Front 7

metazoan

Back 7

multi-cellular parasites

Front 8

gram rxn

Back 8

ability of stain to bin to cell walls; gram +/-

Front 9

bacteria shapes

Back 9

cocci - spherical
bacilli - rods
curved or spiral

Front 10

Cell Wall:
Each bacterium is enclosed by a ridgid cell wall composed of ___________, a protein-sugar (polysaccharide) molecule. The wall gives the cell its ______ and either surrounds the _____________ or is found between _ membrane, protecting it from the _________. it also helps to anchor appendages like the pili and flagella, which originate in the cytoplasm membrane and protrude through the wall to the outside. The strength of the wall is responsible for keeping the cell from ________ when there are large differences in ________ ________ between the cytoplasm and the environment.

Back 10

peptidoglycan
shape
cytoplasmic membrane
2
environment
bursting
osmotic pressure

Front 11

Cell Membrane:
Phospholipid bilayer with outer ________ ends and inner _________ core.

Back 11

hydrophilic
hydrophobic

Front 12

Capsule:
Some species of bacteria have ____ protective covering, a capsule made up of ____ _____ and ______. Capsules play number of roles, but the most important are to keep the bacterium from _____ and to protect it from __________ by larger microorganisms, The capsule is major ____ factor in the major disease-causing bacteria, such as ____ and ______.

Back 12

third
polysaccharides (complex carbohydrates)
proteins (m-antigen)
glycolipids
drying out
phagocytosis (engulfing)
virulence
Eschericharia coli
Streptocpccus pneumoniae.

Front 13

Viruses are classified by:

Back 13

- shape of capsids (protein coat that contains nucleic acid icosahedral/helical)
- presence of absence of envelope (lipids surrounding capsid)
- type of nucleic acid (DNA - RNA)
- type of attachement (viral attachment proteins)

Front 14

fungi classification:

Back 14

cutaneous
systemic
immunocompromised hosts

Front 15

protozoa classifications:

Back 15

spore forming
flagellates
amoeboid
cilates

Front 16

spore forming:
Intestinal (spore forming) protozoa:

Transmitted either by ____ from person to person or through ________ _____ or ___ by infectious particle called a ______ or oocyst. _________ infections can occur. The most common symptom of infection is ________.

Back 16

Cryptosporidium parvum
Isospora belli
Cyclospora cayetanenis
Enterocytozoan bieneusi
Septata intestinalis

stool
contaminated water
food
spore
oocyst
asymtomatic
diarrhea

Front 17

flagellates

blood flagellates are transmitted by a vector ________

Back 17

giardia intestinalis, Trichomas

leishmania

Front 18

amoeboid

Back 18

entamoeba histolytica

Front 19

ciliate

Back 19

balantidium (rarely disease causing)
protozoa have a sexual and asexual life cycle with exchange of genetic material diring conjugation

may have different stages of life-cycle in different hosts

Front 20

metazoans (helminths) classification:

Back 20

nematodes
platyhelminthes

Front 21

nematodes

Back 21

roundworms

Azcaris lumbricoides

Front 22

platyhelminths

Back 22

flateworms, tapeworms, flukes

Taenia solium
Schistosoma mansoni