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23 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
National Health Priority Area (NHPA)
- Contributes significantly to costs in Australia’s health care system
- Contributes significantly to burden of disease
- Potential to bring about change
- Direct, indirect and intangible costs
9 NHPAs - CADMIACOD
NHPA - Cardiovascular health
Summary/key features
• Refers to maintaining healthy functioning of the heart and blood vessels
• Includes heart disease and stroke
- Caused by atherosclerosis

Why it was selected
• It is the leading cause of premature death and second leading cause of disease burden
• Largely preventable
• Places a large economic burden on the healthcare system

Determinants as risk factors
• Biological – blood pressure, cholesterol, body weight, age, sex, genetics
• Behavioural – smoking tobacco (increases blood pressure & build up of plaque on artery walls), physical inactivity (unused energy stored as fat)
- Social- Stress = heart attack & increased blood pressure, Low SES = obesity
NHPA - Cancer Control
Summary/key features
• Controlling a group of diseases in which the cells become defective and behave abnormally. Lung cancer, melanoma, non-melanocytic skin cancer, colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, non-hodgkins lymphoma, cervical and breast cancer are the eight priority cancers

Why it was selected
• Cancer is the leading cause of disease burden in Australia
• Places a large economic burden on the healthcare system

Determinants as risk factors
• Biological – age (increases so does risk of cancer), genetic predisposistion (genetic influence)
• Behavioural – low fibre diet = colorectal cancer, UV exposure = skin cancer, Tobacco smoking = Lung cancer.
- Social - Stress, Low SES = lung chance, hence smoking.
NHPA - Injury prevention control
Summary/key features
• Reducing injuries such as intentional harm, and unintentional such as falls, poisoning and transport accidents

Why it was selected
• It is one of the leading causes of disease burden
• Injuries are highly preventable
• Major healthcare cost

Determinants as risk factors
• Biological – age, sex (babies more likely to drown, old people fall.)
• Behavioural – alcohol consumption, drug use (can cause accidents while driving)
• Social –physical occupation = injuries , unsafe housing = falls
NHPA - Mental Health
Summary/key features
• A state of wellbeing in which the individual realises their own abilities, can cope with the stress of everyday life, can work productively and is able to make a contribution to his or her community

Why it was selected
• Leading cause of non-fatal disease burden
• Is responsible for significant burden on the healthcare system

Determinants as risk factors
• Biological – Obesity (depression due to obesity = low self esteem), Genetic Predisposition.
• Behavioural – alcohol consumption, illicit drug use
- Social- Work related stress, Social exclusion = poor mental health
NHPA - Diabetes mellitus
Summary/key features
• A group of different conditions where the body cannot maintain normal blood glucose levels
• There are three types: type 1 (pancreas can not produce little, if any insulin. Genetic link) , type 2 (pancreas produces little insulin or the body can not use it effectively. Obesity link.) and gestational ((Hormones releaed while baby develops but reduces the impact insulin has on blood glucose of mum.)

Why it was selected
• It is a leading cause of disease burden
• It is a major cost to the community
• Increasing prevalence and large potential for improvement

Determinants as risk factors
• Biological – age (over 55 = type 2) , genetic predisposition , body weight = type 2
• Behavioural – physical inactivity, diet
NHPA - Asthma
Summary/key features
• A chronic condition that affects the small air passages of the lungs and restricts breathing

Why it was selected
• High prevalence
• Major cost to the community

Determinants as risk factors
• Biological – age, genetics, sex
• Behavioural – smoking
• Social – occupation
NHPA - Arthritis and musculoskeletal conditions
Summary/key features
• Disorders of one or more joints, muscles and bones
• Three main types: rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis and osteoarthritis

Why it was selected
• It is a leading cause of disease burden
• Major cost to the community

Determinants as risk factors
• Biological – age, genetics, sex
• Behavioural – smoking, diet, physical inactivity
NHPA - Obesity
Summary/key features
• Refers to the presence of excess body fat based on BMI over 30 and waist measurement over 89cm for females, and over 102cm for males

Why it was selected
• To address the crisis in relation to prevalence
• Contributes to many other diseases
• Major cost to community
• Largely preventable

Determinants as risk factors
• Biological – genetics
• Behavioural – diet, physical inactivity
• Social – employment, socioeconomic status
NHPA - Dementia
Summary/key feature
Dementia is an umbrella term that describes a syndrome associated with more than 100 different conditions which are characterised by the impairment of brain functions, including language, memory, perception, personality and cognitive skills.

Why it was selected
- To address the prevalence
- Major cost to community
- Was the third leading cause of death in 2010, with an average of 25 people dying from dementia every day that year.

Determinants as risk factors
Biological: genetics, age
Behavioural: diet,
Direct Cost
Costs that are usually easy to measure. They result from the prevention, diagnosis or treatment of or illness
Indirect Cost
Costs that are more difficult to measure. They are secondary costs to the community, individual or their family as a result of suffering from the disease or illness
Intangible costs
Costs that don’t have a dollar value and relate to the human costs (social and emotional) of loss of quality of life
Direct costs to individual + community
Individual:
• Medications
• Costs of medical care
• Ambulance
• Allied health services

Community:
• Healthcare services
• Cost of pharmaceuticals
• Cost of prevention strategies
Indirect costs to individual + community
Individual:
• Travel costs for treatment
• Lost income
• Additional services

Community:
• Absenteeism from work
• Reduced/lost productivity
• Unpaid care
Intangible costs to individual + community
Individual:
• Pain and suffering
• Anxiety and stress
• Loss of quality of life
• Loss of time

Community:
• Loss of an individual from a community due to absence/premature death
• Stress/worry/grief over a loved one’s illness/death
Health Promotion Program - Cardiovascular health, diabetes mellitus & obesity
Swap it, don’t stop it
Who implemented it?
The Australian Government
What is the program?
‘Swap it, don’t stop it’ is a program which is aimed at encouraging Australian’s to improve their eating habits as well as increasing their physical activity. The program encourages Australian’s to ‘swap big for small’, ‘swap often for sometimes’, ‘swap sitting for moving’ and to ‘swap watching for playing’.
How is it going to address the NHPA?
The program will help to reduce the incidence of CVD through physical activity and reducing the amount of fats, salts and sugars a person eats which are likely to lead to CVD if consumed in excess.
The program will reduce the incidence of type 2 diabetes through physical activity and healthy eating.
The program will address obesity as it encourages people to become active, and to eat healthy food in moderation. This will reduce the amount of obesity which in turn, will reduce the prevalence of other diseases which occur due to obesity.
Health Promotion Program - Cancer control
Sunsmart (The Cancer Council)
AWARENESS: Aims to increase awareness of the effects of sun and UV radiation on the body and how it can lead to skin cancers and impact long term health. It also promotes preventative strategies such as ways to stay protected against the sun to reduce the risk of cancer. It does this through advertising on TV and information on its website.
RESEARCH: Conducts research into new ways to prevent getting skin cancer and how to detect it earlier to reduce mortality rates, ultimately to minimise the human cost of skin cancer in Victoria.
SUPPORT: Provides information on how to prevent getting burnt (which leads to skin cancer) and works with community groups such as schools to make sure that preventative strategies are being put in place.
Health promotion program - Injury and prevention control
Arrive Alive
AWARENESS: Arrive Alive is a road safety strategy which aims to increase awareness of the effects of road trauma and its impact on long term physical and mental health. It does this by promoting the experiences of those people whose lives have been affected by road trauma through advertising on TV, radio, print advertisements and information on its website.
RESEARCH: Conducts research into ways road trauma can be further avoided in the community and identifying what the links are with regards to why some population and age groups have higher levels of road trauma than others.
Health Promotion Program - Mental Health
Beyond Blue
AWARENESS: Aims to increase awareness of the symptoms, causes and treatments of depression amongst the community by promoting the experiences of people whose lives have been affected. It does this through advertising on TV, radio, print advertisements and information on its website.
RESEARCH: Conducts research into ways depression and other mental illnesses can be reduced in the community and looks into how to further improve particular age groups prevalence of mental illness.
SUPPORT: Works with community groups to offer support for those who suffer from depression through support groups, access to help lines and also provides other programs that aim to prevent depression and promote early intervention.
Health Promotion Program - Arthritis & Musculoskeletal conditions
Osteoporosis Australia
AWARENESS: Aims to increase awareness about the effects of osteoporosis in the community to reduce the incidence of osteoporosis/ fractures. It does this through information on its website, pamphlets that are available at Dr’s surgery and state courses and seminars.
RESEARCH: Conducts research into looking at ways to reduce the incidence and burden of osteoporotic fractures and also looks into ways it can be prevented in the community.
SUPPORT: Provides information on how to manage osteoporosis by making lifestyle changes and also how to recover after a fracture. It also offers support to people in the community who have osteoporosis by running seminars and courses to encourage healthy lifestyle changes and ways to manage life with osteoporosis.
Health Promotion Program- Asthma
Asthma Friendly Schools Program
AWARENESS: Encourages schools to become an ‘Asthma Friendly School’, which increases awareness about the effects of asthma and gives ways of managing it in the school and its community. It does this through information on its website and through training (provided to school staff).
RESEARCH: Conducts research with the funds of the first aid kits (etc) and looks at further was of managing asthma and providing a safe schooling environment.
SUPPORT: Provides information to teachers and children on how to manage asthma and how to maintain a safe environment to asthmatics. It also offers support to parents of children with asthma by pr
Health Promotion Program - Dimentia
Your Brain Matters
- Alzheimer's Australia's brain health program, designed to help Australians live a brain healthy life.
-Brain Challenge: 21 days to brain healthy habits.
- App to assist in monitoring your brain health.
-There are three key areas to help you live a brain healthy life: look after your Brain (brain challenged and socially active) , Body (Eat healthy and regularly physically active.)and Heart.