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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
HEART
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HOLLOW MUSCULAR ORGAN, WEIGHS LESS THAN ONE POUND, ABOUT THE SIZE OF A FIST, BEATS OVER 100,000 TIMES A DAY, PUMPS 7,000 L, OVER 60,000 MILES OF VESSELS
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WHAT IS THE LOCATION OF THE HEART
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2/3 LEFT OF MIDLINE, BETWEEN 2ND AND 6TH RIB, 5" LONG, 31/2" WIDE, 21/2" THICK
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WHAT STRUCTERS ARE WITHIN THE MEDIASTINUM
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HEART, VENA CAVA, AORTA, TRACHEA, ESOPHAGUS, THYMUS GLAND
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HOW MUCH O2 IS USED BY MYOCARDIUM
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AT REST MYOCARDIUM USED ABOUT 70% OF O2 DELIVERED BY CORONARY ARTERIES
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HOW MUCH O2 DOES THE BRAIN USE
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20-25%
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HOW MUCH O2 DOES THE LIVER USE
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20%
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HOW MUCH O2 DOES THE KIDNEY USE
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10%
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HOW MUCH O2 DOES THE SKELETAL MUSCLES USE AT REST
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27%
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WHAT IS THE FIBROUS PERICARDIUM
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BAG AROUND THE HEART, PREVENTS OVER DISTENTION OF THE HEART, PROTECTIVE MEMBRANE, ANCHORS HEART IN MEDIASTINUM, CONTAINS PAIN RECEPTORS AND MECHANORECEPTORS TO ELICIT REFLEX CHANGES IN BP AND HEART RATE
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WHAT IS THE SEROUS PERICARDIUM
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PARIETAL LAYER- LIES DIRECTLY BELOW AND IS FUSED TO FIBROUS PERICARDIUM, VISCERAL LAYER-LIES ONTOP OF AND IS FUSED TO EPICARDIUM
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WHAT DOES PERICARDIAL FLUID DO
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FILLS POTENTIAL SPACE, FLOWS BETWEEN TWO MEMBRANES, 25 ML OF FLUID, LUBRICATE TO REDUCE FRICTION
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WHAT ARE THE THREE LAYERS OF THE HEART
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EPICARDIUM-OUTER LAYER, MYOCARDIUM-CARDIAC MUSCLE, ENDOCARDIUM-INNER LAYER
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DESCRIBE THE ATRIA
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TWO SUPERIOR CHAMBERS, VERY THIN WALLED, R WALL IS 1/8 IN THICK, L WALL IS THICKER
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WHAT IS THE PARTITION BETWEEN THE ATRIA
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INTERATRIAL SEPTUM
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DESCRIBE THE VENTRICLE
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TWO INFERIOR CHAMBERS, WALL ON R IS 1/4 IN, L WALL IS 3 TIMES THICKER
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WHAT IS THE PARTITION BETWEEN THE VENTRICLES
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INTERVENTRICULAR SEPTUM
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NAME THE ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVES
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TRICUSPID VALVE- RIGHT, BICUSPID/MITRAL VALVE- LEFT
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HOW DOES AV VALVES WORK
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VALVES OPEN DURING PRESSURE CHANGES, WHEN ATRIAL PRESSURE EXCEEDS VENTRICULAR PRESSURE, VALVES OPEN,
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HOW MUCH BLOOD FLOWS TO VENTRICLE DURRING DIASTOLE
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70%
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WHAT ARE CHORDAE TENDINAE
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TENDON LIKE FIBEROUS CHORDS, CONNECT TO POINTED END OF AV VALVES
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WHAT ARE PAPILLARY MUSCLES
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MUSCLES ATTACHED TO CHORDAE TENDINEA THAT PULL AV VALVES CLOSED
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WHERE IS PULMONIC VALVE
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BETWEEN R VENTRICLE AND PULMONARY CIRCULATION
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WHERE IS AORTIC VALVE
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BETWEEN L VENTRICLE AND SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION
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WHEN DOES CORONARY CIRCULATION TAKE PLACE
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DELIVERED DURING SYSTOLE, PERFUSSION TAKES PLACE DURING DIASTOLE, 200-250 ML OF BLOOD TO HEART PER MIN.
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DEFINE SULCI
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EXTERNAL GROVES THAT CONTAIN CORONARY VESSELS AND FAT TO PROTECT VESSELS
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LEFT CORONARY ARTERY
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ORIGINATES AS A BRANCH OFF ASCENDING AORTA, SUPPLIES 85% OF BLOOD TO MYOCARDIUM. CONSIST OF ANTERIOR INTERVENRICULAR BRANCH, AND CIRCUMFLEX BRANCH
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RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY
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ORIGINATES AS BRANCH OF ASCENDING AOTRTA, TAKES BLOOD TO VENTRICLES, R ATRIUM, CONDUCTION SYSTEM
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WHAT ARE THE TWO CORONARY VEINS
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GREAT CARDIAC VEIN, DRAINS ANTERIOR HEART, MIDDLE CARDIAC VEIN, DRAINS POSTERIOR HEART
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DESCRIBE CORONARY SINUS
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FOUND IN CORONARY SULCUS, COLLECTS BLOOD FROM GREAT CARDIAC VEIN AND MIDDLE CARDIAC VEIN, DUMPS BLOOD INTO R ATRIUM
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WHERE AND WHAT DO LYMPHATIC VESSELS DO
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VESSELS DRAIN FLUID INTO LYMPH NODES, LOCATED IN ANTERIOR MEDIASTINUM, FLUID EMPTIES INTO SUPERIOR VENACAVA, IMPORTANT FOR PROTECTING MYOCARDIUM FROM INJURY
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ANASTOMOSES
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AKA COLATERAL ARTERIES, COMPLEX JUNCTION IN SMALLER BRANCHES OF CORONARY ARTERIES, NONE FOUND BETWEEN MAJOR ARTERIES, PROVIDE ALTERNATE ROUT FOR BLOOD FLOW
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HOW MUCH BLOOD FLOWS THROUGH COLLATERAL CIRCULATION
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90% IF A MAJOR VESSSL IS OBSTRUCTED
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HOW MUCH BLOOD FLOW IS NEEDED FOR HEART TO LIVE
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10-15% OF NORMAL FLOW
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WHAT ARE THE FOUR LAYERS OF VESSELS
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TUNICA ADVENTIA- OUTER LAYER, TUNICA MEDIA- MIDDLE LAYER, TUNICA INTIMA- INNER LAYER, LUMEN- VESSEL CAVITY
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WHAT IS DIAMETER OF VESSEL DUE TO
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CONSTRICTION OR RELAXATION OF MEDIA LAYER, BETA 2 DIALATION, ALPHA 1 CONSTRICTION
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ARTERIAL SYSTEM
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ARTERIES- LARGE VESSELS, ARTERIOLS-DIRECT BLOOD TO ORGANS
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CAPILLARIES
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EXCHANGE OF GAS, FLUIDS, AND NUTRIENTS, A SINGLE CAPILLARY MAY BE ONLY .5 TO 1 MM LONG, AND .01 MM THICK, CAPILLARY SURFACE AREA IS LARGER THAN 100 FOOTBALL FIELDS
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VENOUS SYSTEM
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VENULES- RECIEVE OXYGENATED BLOOD FROM CAPILLARIES, VEINS- UNDER LITTLE PRESSURE, CAN CONSTRICT UNDER PRESSURE
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ARTERIAL CIRCULATION
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BLOOD MOVES DUE TO PRESSURE DIFFERENCES, ARTERY PRESSURE-100mmHg, ARTERIOL PRESSURE- 85mmHg, CAPILLARY PRESSURE- 35 mmHg
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VENOUS CIRCULATION
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BLOOD MOVES DUE TO MUSCLE ACTION, PRESSURE CHANGES, ONE WAY VALVES, VENULE PRESSURE- 15mmHg, VEINS TO VENA CAVA 6-2-1 mmHg
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WHERE DOES R ATRIUM RECIEVE BLOOD FROM
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SUPERIOR VENA CAVA, INFERIOR VENA CAVA, CORONARY SINUS
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WHERE DOES LEFT ATRIUM RECIEVE BLOOD FROM
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4 PULMONARY VEINS, 2 FROM R LUNG, 2 FROM L LUNG
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HOW MUCH BLOOD IS PUSHED INTO VENTRICLE DURING DIASTOLE, AND SYSTOLE
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70% DIASTOLE, 30% SYSTOLE
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HOW MUCH BLOOD IS IN VENTRICLES
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120-130 ML, 70 MLS IS EJECTED, 50-60 ML IS LEFT IN EACH
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WHERE DOES THE RIGHT VENTRICLE PUSH BLOOD TO
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PULMONARY CIRCULATION, AGAINST 15-30 mmHg
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WHERE DOES LEFT VENTRICLE PUSH BLOOD TO
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SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION AGAINST 90-140 mmHg
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WHAT IS DIASTOLE PHASE
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RELAXATION PHASE, ATRIA AND VENTRICLES FILL, CORONARY ARTERIES FILL, PERFUSION OCCURS IN BODY
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HOW LONG IS TOTAL CARDIAC CYCLE
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.8 SEC, ATRIAL SYSTOLE-.1, ATRIAL DIASTOLE-.7, VENTRICULAR SYSTOLE-.3, VENTRICULAR DIASTOLE-.5, BOTH ARE IN DIASTOLE FOR .4 SEC
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STROKE VOLUME
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AMOUNT OF BLOOD EJECTED IN ONE VENTRICULAR CONTRACTION, 70 ML
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PRELOAD
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AMOUNT OF BLOOD AVAILABLE TO FILL VENTRICLES
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CONTRACTILITY
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AMOUNT OF STRETCH IS DETERMINED BY PRELOAD, GREATER THE PREELOAD, GREATER THE CONTRACTION, GREATER THE STROKE VOLUME
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AFTERLOAD
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PRESSURE THE VENTRICLRES HAVE TO PUMP, ALSO KNOWN AS DIASTOLIC PRESSURE, SYSTEMIC VASCULAR RESISTANCE, PERIPHERAL VASCULAR RESISTANCE
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CARDIAC OUTPUT
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AMOUNT OF BLOOD PUMPED IN ONE MINUITE
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BARORECEPTORS
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STRETCH RECEPTORS LOCATED IN AORTIC ARCH AND CAROTID BODIES. MONITOR BP THROUGH STROKE VOLUME
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ELACTRICAL ACTIVATION AND DEACTIVATION OF MUSCLE CELLS IS TERMED
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DEPOLARIZATION, REPOLARIZATION
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SODIUM
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PLAYS A MAJOR ROLE IN MYOCARDIAL DEPOLARIZATION
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CALCIUM
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PLAYS A ROLE IN MYOCARDIAL DEPOLARIZATION, CONTRACTION
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CALCIUM
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HYPOCALCEMIA- DECREASED CONTRACTILITY, INCREASED ELECTRICAL IRRITABILITY, HYPERCALCEMIA- INCREASED CONTRACTILITY
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POTASSIUM
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PLAYS A MAJOR ROLE IN REPOLARIZATION, HYPOKALEMIA-INCREASED IRRITABILITY, HYPERKALEMIA- DECREASED AUTOMATICITY AND DECREASED CONDUCTION
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INTERCALATED DISCS
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SPECIALIZED STRUCTURES IN CARDIAC MUSCLE THAT HOLD FIBER TOGETHER, AID IN CONDUCTION OF ACTION POTENTIALS, CONDUCT ELECTRICAL IMPULSES 400 TIMES FASTER THAN NORMAL, ALLOW ATRIA/VENTRICULAR MUSCLE TO CONTRACT AS UNIT
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SYNCYTIUM
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COORDINATED CONTRACTION OF CARDIAC MUSCLE CELL
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ATRIAL SYNCYTIUM
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CONTRACT SUPERIOR TO INFERIOR, BLOOD MOVES FROM ATRIA TO VENTRICLES
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VENTRICULAR SYNCYTIUM
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CONTRACT INFERIOR TO SUPERIOR, PUSH BLOOD INTO PULMONARY ARTERIES AND AORTA
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CARDIAC CONDUCTION SYSTEM
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IMPULSES SPREAD THROUGH ATRIA, IMPULSE TRANSMITS QUICKLY TO APEX OF HEART, IMPULSE STIMULATES VENTRICLES TO CONTRACT
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LIST ORDER OF CONDUCTION SYSTEM
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SA NODE, AV NODE, BUNDLE OF HIS, BUNDLE BRANCHES, PURKINJE FIBERS
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EXCITABILITY
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CELL CAN RESPOND TO AN ELECTRICAL IMPULSE
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CONDUCTIVITY
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CELL CAN PROPAGATE ELECTRIC IMPULSE FROM ONE CELL TO ANOTHER
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CONTRACTILITY
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SPECIALIZED MUSCLE TISSUE SO THEY CAN CONTRACT
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AUTOMATICITY
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SELF DEPOLARIZATIONWITHOUT AN IMPULSE FROM AN OUTSIDE SOURCE
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SA NODE
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PRIMARY PACEMAKER, LOCATED IN RIGHT ATRIUM, INFERIOR TO OPENING TO VENA CAVA
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INTERNODAL PATHWAYS
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CONNECTS SA TO AV NODES VIA ATRIAL MUSCLE MASS TO AV NODE
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AV NODE
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CONNECTED TO AV FIBERS, CONDUCTS IMPULSES FROM ATRIA TO VENTRICLES
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BUNDLE OF HIS
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TRANSMITS IMPULSE THROUGH INTERVINTRICULAR SEPTUM
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BUNDLE BRANCHES
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DELIVER IMPULSE TO APEX OF VENTRICLE
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PERKINJE FIBERS
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SPREAD IMPULSE ACROSS(UP)VENTRICLES
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HOW FAST DOES CURRENT TRAVEL
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SA TO AV 2' SEC, AT AV SLOWS TO 2" SEC, SPEEDS UP AT BUNDLE OF HIS, TRAVLES TO PURKINJE FIBERS AT 7' SEC
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WHAT IS RATE OF SELF-EXCITATION
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SA-60-100 BPM, AV-40-60 BPM, PURKINJE FIBERS-20-40 BPM
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