Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
201 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Dorsal Cavity |
Includes the cranial and spinal cavities
|
|
|
Ventral Cavity
|
Includes the orbits and the nasal, oral, thoracic, and abdominopelvic cavities
|
|
|
Epithelial Cells
|
Cells that cover, line, and protect the body and its internal organs
|
|
|
Connective Tissue
|
Tissue that provides the body framework, support, and structure for the organs
|
|
|
Nerve Tissue
|
Tissue that is composed of neurons and connective tissue cells, commonly referred as neuroglia.
|
|
|
Muscle Tissue
|
Tissue that is classified as voluntary muscle (skeletal) or involuntary muscle (smooth and cardiac muscles tissues)
|
|
|
CELL Nucleus
|
Contains the DNA within the chromosomes. It contains materials for regeneration and instructions for its function
|
|
|
CELL Ribosomes
|
Organelles that read RNA produced by DNA and translate genetic instructions to produce PROTEIN.
|
|
|
CELL Endoplasmic Reticulum
|
Membranous organelle attached to the nuclear membrane and consists of ROUGH and SMOOTH areas.
|
|
|
CELL Rough E.R.
|
It is responsible for protein synthesis and membrane production. (CONTAINS several ribosomes)
|
|
|
CELL Smooth E.R.
|
It functions in detoxification and metabolism of multiple molecules. (LACKS ribosomes)
|
|
|
CELL Golgi Apparatus
|
Its the packaging, processing, and shipping organelle. It transports materials from the E.R. throughout the cell
|
|
|
CELL Lysosomes
|
Intracellular digestion. Its packed with hydrolytic enzymes and can hydrolyze protiens, fats, sugars, and nucleic acids
|
|
|
CELL Vacuoles
|
It has many roles. Assists with phagocytosis, by creating a food vacuole
|
|
|
CELL Mitochondria
|
Produces cell energy (POWERHOUSE)
|
|
|
CELL Cellular Membrane
|
Most important component, it contributes to protection, communication, and passage of substance into and out
|
|
|
CELL Cellular Membrane Makeup
|
Consists of bilayer of phospholipids with proteins, cholesterol, and glycoproteins peppered throughout
|
|
|
CELL Proteins
|
Proteins include enzymes that regulate all chemical reactions within the body
|
|
|
Mitosis
|
Necessary for growth and repair. The DNA is duplicated and distributed evenly into two daughter cells
|
|
|
Meiosis
|
Cell division occurs in gonads area. It reduces its chromosome number from 46 to 23.
|
|
|
Mucous Membrane
|
Produces sticky and thick fluid called mucous (nasal, oral, intestinal, gastric, esophageal)
|
|
|
Serous Membrane
|
Smooth and thin layer of cells that produces lubricating fluid to reduce friction from muscle movement
|
|
|
Synovial Membrane
|
Tissue that lines on non-cartilage surfaces to provide separation and ease of movement between joints
|
|
|
Cutaneous
|
Skin composed of two layers, the epidermis and the dermis
|
|
|
Sudoriferous Gland
|
Produces sweat
|
|
|
Sebaceous Gland
|
Produces oil/waxy matter
|
|
|
Ceruminous Gland
|
Produces earwax or cerumen
|
|
|
Cartilage
|
Replaced by bone in embryonic development and is found mainly in joints, thorax, and various rigid tubes
|
|
|
Skin
|
The largest organ in the body
|
|
|
SKIN Epidermis
|
the outer-most protective layer of dead keratinized epithelial cells
|
|
|
SKIN Dermis
|
The underlying layer of connective tissue with blood vessels, nerve endings, and the associated skin structures
|
|
|
SKIN Epidermal Structure
|
Layers from out to in are Stratum corneum, licidum, granulosum, and inner-most germinativum. Epidermal cells produce melanin
|
|
|
SKIN Dermal Sweat Glands
|
Contains two types of sweat glands, eccrine (regulate body temperature) and apocrine secretions (armpit and groin)
|
|
|
SKIN Dermal Sebaceous Glands
|
Sebum is the oily release to the hair follicles that lubricates the skin and prevents drying
|
|
|
SKIN Appendages
|
Hair and nails that are composed of a strong protein called keratin.
|
|
|
What does the body framework consist of?
|
Bone, cartilage, and ligaments, plus the joints between the bones.
|
|
|
What are the functions of the skeletal system?
|
Support, permission of movement, hemopoiesis, protection of internal organs, detoxification, provision for muscle attachment, calcium and phosphorus storage (mainly).
|
|
|
BONES Classification of bones
|
Long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones, and sesamoid bones
|
|
|
BONES Description of a typical long bone
|
Irregular epiphysis at each end, composed mainly of spongy (cancellous) bone, and a shaft or diaphysis of compact bone
|
|
|
BONES Cells that form compact bones
|
Osteoblasts; when they are fixed in dense bone matrix, they stop dividing, but continue to maintain bone tissue as osteocytes
|
|
|
BONES Example of sesamoid bone
|
Patella
|
|
|
BONES Axial skeleton skull bones
|
28 bones in skull; 14 facial bones and 14 cranium bones; the mandible is the only movable bone in the skull
|
|
|
BONES Axial skeleton vertebral columns
|
33 vertebral columns; 7 cervical vertebrae; 12 thoracic vertebrae; 5 lumbar vertebrae; 5 scaral "fused" vertebrae; 1 coccygeal vertebrae
|
|
|
BONES Axial skeleton thorax cage
|
Sternum bones; 12 pair of rib bones
|
|
|
BONES Appendicular skeleton upper portion
|
Pectoral or shoulder girdle, clavicle, scapula, and upper extremity
|
|
|
BONES Appendicular skeleton arms
|
Humerus, radius, ulna, 8 carpals (wrist), 5 metacarpals (hand), 14 phalanges (fingers)
|
|
|
BONES Appendicular skeleton lower portion
|
Pelvic girdle or os coxae (consists of fused ilium, ischium, and pubis)
|
|
|
BONES Appendicular skeleton lower extremity
|
Femur, tibia, fibula, 7 tarsals (ankle), 5 metatarsals (foot), and 14 phalanges (toes)
|
|
|
MUSCLE How movement is produced
|
By contracting in response to nervous stimulation
|
|
|
MUSCLE How does contraction result
|
From the sliding together of actin and myosin filaments within the muscle cell or fiber.
|
|
|
MUSCLE What does each muscle cell consist of
|
Myofibrils, which in turn are made up of still smaller units of sacromeres
|
|
|
MUSCLE What must be present for contraction to result
|
Calcium and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
|
|
|
MUSCLE How does contraction occur
|
1. Nervous stimulation from motor neuron release Ca ion from sacroplasmic reticulum
2. Ca ion attaches to inhibitory proteins on actin filaments within the cell, moving aside that results cross-bridge between actin and myosin filaments 3. Using energy from ATP, filaments slide together to produce contraction |
|
|
MUSCLE What type are the skeletal muscles
|
Voluntary muscles; they are under conscious control
|
|
|
MUSCLE What must occur for skeletal muscle to function
|
Must work in pairs
|
|
|
MUSCLE What is the name of the muscle that executes movement
|
Prime mover
|
|
|
MUSCLE What is the name of the muscle that produces opposite movement
|
Antagonist
|
|
|
MUSCLE What is the name of the muscle that cooperates with the prime mover
|
Synergist
|
|
|
MUSCLE What is a flexor muscle
|
Flexors reduce angle at the joint
|
|
|
MUSCLE What is a extensor muscle
|
Extensor increase angle at the joint
|
|
|
MUSCLE What is the abductor muscle
|
Moves limb away from the midline
|
|
|
MUSCLE What is the adductor muscle
|
Returns limb back toward the body
|
|
|
NERVOUS What does nervous system consists of
|
Brain, the spinal cord, and the nerves
|
|
|
NERVOUS What is the nervous system (part 1)
|
Vital system that perceives changes in external and internal environments to respond to the changes
|
|
|
NERVOUS Examples of perception
|
Seeing, hearing, tasting, smelling, and touching
|
|
|
NERVOUS What is the nervous system (part 2)
|
It makes body movement possible by supplying nerve impulses to skeletal muscles to contract
|
|
|
NERVOUS How does the nervous and endocrine systems work together
|
By correlating and integrating body functions (i.e. digestion and reproduction)
|
|
|
NERVOUS What actions of the nervous system depend
|
Transmission of nerve impulses over neurons, or nerve cells, the functional unit of the nervous system
|
|
|
NERVOUS What are the main parts of a neuron
|
Cell body, axon, and dendrites
|
|
|
NERVOUS How does a neuron function
|
Dendrites transmit impulses toward cell body, and axon transmit the impulse away from the cell body
|
|
|
NERVOUS What are the divisions of the nervous system
|
Central nervous system (CNS; consists of brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system (PNS; consists of nerves and their branches)
|
|
|
NERVOUS What neurons transmit impulses from PNS to CNS
|
Sensory (afferent) neurons
|
|
|
NERVOUS What neuron transmits impulses away form CNS to PNS
|
Motor (efferent) neurons
|
|
|
NERVOUS What is the CEREBRUM responsible for
|
Sensory input and its associate with movement
|
|
|
NERVOUS What is the CEREBELLUM responsible for
|
Muscular coordination
|
|
|
NERVOUS What is the MEDULLA OBLONGATA responsible for
|
Controls many vital functions (i.e. respiration and heart rate)
|
|
|
NERVOUS Describe the spinal cord
|
Approximately 18 inches long, from the skull base (foramen magnum) to the first or second lumbar vertebrae
|
|
|
NERVOUS How many pairs of nerves exit the spinal cord
|
31 pairs
|
|
|
NERVOUS What are simple (spinal) reflexes
|
Nerve impulses that travel through spinal cord, but it does not reach the brain
|
|
|
NERVOUS How do most impulses travel
|
Through reflex pathways to and from brain in ascending and descending tracts of the spinal cord.
|
|
|
NERVOUS Where does the sensory impulses enter
|
Dorsal horns of the spinal cord
|
|
|
NERVOUS Where does the motor impulses leave through
|
Ventral horns of the spinal cord
|
|
|
ENDOCRINE How does the endocrine and nervous system assist each other
|
Maintaining homeostasis and plays important roles in growth and sexual maturation
|
|
|
ENDOCRINE Where do the endocrine and nervous system meet
|
At the hypothalamus and pituitary gland
|
|
|
ENDOCRINE Describe the hypothalamus
|
It governs the pituitary and it is controlled by the feedback of hormones in the blood
|
|
|
ENDOCRINE What do both nervous and endocrine system achieve
|
They coordinate and control the body, but the endocrine system has more long-lasting and widespread effect
|
|
|
ENDOCRINE What are hormones
|
Chemical messengers that control growth, differentiation, and metabolism of specific target cells
|
|
|
ENDOCRINE What are some types of hormones and their objectives
|
Two major types, steroid and protein hormones. Most hormones affect cell activity by altering the rate of protein synthesis
|
|
|
ENDOCRINE What are steroid hormones
|
They enter the target cell and have direct effect on the DNA of the nucleus
|
|
|
ENDOCRINE What are protein hormones
|
They remain at cell surface and act through a second messenger, usually adenosine mono phosphate (AMP)
|
|
|
ENDOCRINE What is the main function of the endocrine glands
|
Production of hormones
|
|
|
ENDOCRINE What other organs produce hormones
|
Stomach, small intestine, and kidneys
|
|
|
ENDOCRINE Which areas release hormones during stress
|
Adrenal cortex, hypothalamus, and the posterior and anterior pituitary
|
|
|
ENDOCRINE What hormone is released by the adrenal cortex during stress
|
Cortisol; It reduces inflammation, raises the blood sugar level, and inhibits the release of histamine
|
|
|
ENDOCRINE What is another name for the pituitary gland
|
The master gland
|
|
|
ENDOCRINE Where is the pituitary and the hypothalamus attached
|
By a stalk called the infundibulum
|
|
|
ENDOCRINE How many portions does the pituitary gland have
|
2 portions; anterior lobe (adenohypophysis) and the posterior lobe (neurohypophysis)
|
|
|
ENDOCRINE What are the hormones called from the adenohypophysis portion
|
Tropic hormones; they act mainly on the other endocrine glands
|
|
|
ENDOCRINE What are some tropic hormones
|
1. Somatotropin (STH) or Growth Hormone (GH)
2. Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) 3. Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) 4. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) 5. Luteinizing Hormone (LH) |
|
|
ENDOCRINE What are some hormones released by the posterior pituitary
|
1. Oxytocin (labor hormone)
2. Anti-diuretic Hormone (ADH) |
|
|
ENDOCRINE What are some other important endocrine glands
|
Thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals, pancreas, and gonads (ovaries and testes)
|
|
|
BLOOD What components make up blood
|
55% plasma; 45% formed elements: erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells), and platelets
|
|
|
BLOOD Where are all formed elements produced
|
From a stem cell in the red bone marrow
|
|
|
BLOOD What is the main role of erythrocytes
|
To transport oxygen; oxygen is bound to the pigmented protein hemoglobin
|
|
|
BLOOD What distinguishes the five type of leukocytes
|
Size, appearance of nucleus, staining properties, and presence or absence of visible cytoplasmic granules
|
|
|
BLOOD What are white blood cells mostly active in
|
Phagocytosis (neutrophils and monocytes) and antibody formation (lymphocytes)
|
|
|
BLOOD What are platelets mostly active in
|
Blood clotting
|
|
|
BLOOD What are some of the functions of blood
|
Transports oxygen and nutrients to body cells, and to carry away carbon dioxide and metabolic waste
|
|
|
BLOOD What does plasma contain
|
10% protein, ions, nutrients, waste products, and hormones, which dissolve or suspense in water
|
|
|
BLOOD What is the function of the heart in reference to being a double pump
|
It sends blood to the lungs for oxygenation through the pulmonary circuit and to the remainder of the body through the systemic circuit
|
|
|
BLOOD Where in the heart is the blood received
|
In the atrias
|
|
|
BLOOD Where is the heart is the blood pump to circulation
|
In the ventricles
|
|
|
BLOOD What are the valves between the aria and ventricle in the heart
|
Tricuspid valve on the right side and Bicuspid (Mitral) valve on the left side
|
|
|
BLOOD Where are the semilunar valves found in the heart
|
At the entrance of pulmonary trunk and the aorta
|
|
|
BLOOD How is blood supplied to the heart muscle (myocardium)
|
By the coronary arteries
|
|
|
BLOOD How is blood drained from the heart muscle (myocardium)
|
Drained into the right atrium through the coronary sinus
|
|
|
BLOOD What causes the heart to have an intrinsic beat
|
Its caused by the sinoatrial node; its transmitted along a conduction system through the myocardium
|
|
|
BLOOD What device can measure the electrical activity of the heart
|
An electrocardiogram (ECG)
|
|
|
BLOOD Define the cardiac cycle
|
Is the period from the end of 1 ventricular contraction to the end of the next ventricular contraction
|
|
|
BLOOD Define systole
|
Its the contraction phase of the cardiac cycle
|
|
|
BLOOD Define diastole
|
Its the relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle
|
|
|
BLOOD Define arteries
|
Carries blood away from the heart
|
|
|
BLOOD Define veins
|
Carries blood to the heart
|
|
|
BLOOD Define microscopic vessels
|
Known as capillaries; exchange take place between blood and cell of the body
|
|
|
BLOOD Where does the systemic arteries begin
|
From the aorta; which sends branches to all parts of the body
|
|
|
BLOOD Define arterioles
|
The smallest form of arteries
|
|
|
BLOOD How does blood reach the heart
|
Through the inferior and superior venae cavae; they empty at the right atrium
|
|
|
BLOOD Define the walls of the arteries
|
Thick and elastic; so they can carry blood under high pressure
|
|
|
BLOOD What causes vasoconstriction and vasodilation
|
It results from contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle in the arterial walls; changes pressure and blood distribution
|
|
|
BLOOD Define the walls of the veins
|
Thinner and less elastic than arteries; they carry blood under lower pressure
|
|
|
BLOOD What mechanisms allow blood to flow back to the heart
|
Skeletal muscle pressure, expansion of chest in breathing, and valves in veins of the legs to keep blood moving forward
|
|
|
LUNGS What are the components of the respiratory system
|
Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs with alveoli, diaphragm, and muscles surrounding the ribs
|
|
|
LUNGS Where is the respiratory center control in the brain
|
In the medulla oblongata
|
|
|
LUNGS What is the primary function of the respiratory system
|
To supply oxygen to the body and eliminate carbon dioxide
|
|
|
LUNGS What is external respiration
|
The exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the blood through the alveoli
|
|
|
LUNGS What is internal respiration
|
The exchange of gases between the blood and the body cells
|
|
|
LUNGS Define gas exchange pathway between nasal cavities and alveoli
|
To and from the lungs; gases travel both ways
|
|
|
LUNGS What is another service that the upper passageways provide
|
They warm, filter, and moisten incoming air
|
|
|
LUNGS What prevents debris and foreign substance from entering the lungs
|
Cilia; they line the upper respiratory tubules
|
|
|
LUNGS Define Inhalation
|
Contraction of the diaphragm, enlargement of the chest cavity, and draw air into lungs
|
|
|
LUNGS Define Exhalation
|
Passive process in which lungs recoil as respiratory muscles relax and thorax decreases in size
|
|
|
LUNGS Where is most of the oxygen carried
|
In the hemoglobin, inside the red blood cells
|
|
|
LUNGS Define hemoglobin and oxygenation
|
Oxygen is release from the hemoglobin when oxygen drops in the tissues
|
|
|
LUNGS Define carbon dioxide's role
|
Some are carried in solution or bound to blood proteins; Most are converted to bicarbonate ion by carbonic anhydrase within red blood cells
|
|
|
LUNGS What gas regulates the blood pH
|
Carbon dioxide; because the carbonic anhydrase causes a release of hydrogen ions
|
|
|
DIGESTIVE What does the digestive tube consists of
|
Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus
|
|
|
DIGESTIVE What are the accessory organs
|
Liver, pancreas, and the gallbladder
|
|
|
DIGESTION Define mastication
|
Chewing; ingested food in mouth mechanically broken down by teeth and tongue
|
|
|
DIGESTION Primary role of saliva during digestion
|
Lubricate and dilate chewed food; contains amylase, that starts the digestion of complex carbohydrates
|
|
|
DIGESTION Define bolus
|
A ball of food
|
|
|
DIGESTION What forces food from the pharynx to the upper portion of the esophagus
|
The constrictive muscles of the pharynx
|
|
|
DIGESTION Define the 4 main layers of the digestive tract
|
From inner to outer; the mucous membrane, the submucous layer, the muscular layer, and serous layer
|
|
|
DIGESTIVE What occurs when food enters the stomach
|
Gastric glands secrete hydrochloric acid to break down foods; the stomach muscle churns and mixes the food
|
|
|
DIGESTIVE Define Chyme
|
Occurs after the stomach converts the bolus of food to a soupy substance
|
|
|
DIGESTIVE What organ stores food and regulates the movement into the small intestine
|
The stomach
|
|
|
DIGESTIVE Where does most digestion and absorption occur
|
In the small intestine; enzymes from small intestine, pancreas, and liver contribute to the process
|
|
|
DIGESTIVE Which accessory organ contributes water to neutralize acid from stomach
|
The pancreas; by diluting the chyme and bicarbonate ions
|
|
|
DIGESTIVE What are the three major regions of the small intestine
|
The duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum; nutrients are absorbed through these walls
|
|
|
DIGESTIVE What is absorbed directly into the blood
|
Amino acids, simple sugars derived from proteins, and carbohydrates
|
|
|
DIGESTIVE Where are fats absorbed
|
Through the lymph by the lacteals, which will eventually be added to bloodstream
|
|
|
DIGESTIVE Where do the nutrients travel after being absorbed by the small intestine
|
They travel to the hepatic portal vein, on route to the liver for decontamination
|
|
|
DIGESTIVE Define villi in the digestive tract
|
They are small finger-like projections that greatly increase the surface area of the intestinal wall
|
|
|
DIGESTIVE Define primary role of large intestine
|
Re-absorption of water and stores and eliminates undigested food; large amounts of bacteria are present, intestinal flora
|
|
|
DIGESTIVE What are the five portions of the large intesine
|
The ascending colon, transverse colon, desending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum
|
|
|
DIGESTIVE Define enzymes in mouth
|
Amylase - breaks polysaccharides
|
|
|
DIGESTIVE Define enzymes in pancreas
|
Trypsin and chymotrypsin - breaks proteins
Amylase - breaks polysaccharides Lipase - breaks lipids |
|
|
DIGESTIVE Define enzymes in small intestine
|
Peptidase - breaks proteins
Sucrases - breaks sugars Amylase - breaks polysaccharides |
|
|
URINARY What consists of the urinary system
|
2 kidneys, 2 ureters, a urinary bladder, and the urethra
|
|
|
URINARY What is the overall objective of the kidney
|
To filter the blood
|
|
|
URINARY What is the overall objective of the ureters
|
To transport the urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
|
|
|
URINARY What is the overall objective of the urinary bladder
|
To store urine before urination through the urethra, then to the outside
|
|
|
URINARY What is the functional units of the kidney
|
The nephrons; small coiled tubes filter waste out of the blood brought to the kidney by the renal artery
|
|
|
URINARY Where does the actual filtration occur
|
Through the glomerulus in the Bowman's capsule; it occurs under the force of blood pressure
|
|
|
URINARY What occurs to the components need by the body during filtration
|
Water, glucose, and ions leave the nephron by diffusion and reenter the blood; water is reabsorbed at the tubules
|
|
|
URINARY What is the final product of the nephron
|
Millions of nephrons per kidney produces urine
|
|
|
MALE What is the male sex organ
|
Testes
|
|
|
MALE What is the functions of the testes
|
1. Produce gametes (sex cells)
2. Produce hormones |
|
|
MALE What type of reproduction cycle does men have
|
Continuous; the gametes are formed by meiosis
|
|
|
MALE Where does the spematozoa develps
|
Within the seminiferous tubules of each testis
|
|
|
MALE Where does the production of testosterone occur
|
In the interstitial cells between the seminiferous tubules
|
|
|
MALE What are the responsibilities of the testosterone hormone
|
Influences sperm development and produces male secondary sex characteristics (i.e. body hair, deep voice)
|
|
|
MALE Where is the sperm stored
|
In the epididymis of each testicle
|
|
|
MALE Define the ejaculatory pathway
|
Sperm travels through the vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, and urethra
|
|
|
MALE What glands facilitate the travel sperm by producing semen
|
The seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral (Cowper's) glands
|
|
|
MALE What part of the brain controls the testicular activity
|
Two hormones from the anterior pituitary, FSH and ICSH or LH
|
|
|
MALE What is the Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) responsible
|
Stimulation of sperm production
|
|
|
MALE What is the Interstitial Cell-Stimulating Hormone (ICSH) or Luteinizing Hormone (LH) responsible
|
Stimulation of the interstitial cells to produce testosterone
|
|
|
FEMALE What is the sex organ for the female
|
Ovaries
|
|
|
FEMALE What are the functions of the ovaries
|
1. Production of gametes (sex cells)
2. Production of hormones |
|
|
FEMALE Which gland controls the activities of the ovaries
|
The pituitary gland via the tropic hormones
|
|
|
FEMALE What type of reductive cycle does women have
|
Cyclic; gametes are formed by meiosis
|
|
|
FEMALE What occurs each month for a women in her reproductive years
|
Several eggs ripen withing the ovarian follicles in the ovary, under the influence of FSH
|
|
|
FEMALE What occurs during the production of estrogen
|
It initiates the preparation of the endometrium of the uterus for pregancy
|
|
|
FEMALE What occur at approximately day 14 of cycle
|
LH is released from the anterior pituitary, which stimulates ovulation and the conversion of follicle to corpus luteum
|
|
|
FEMALE What does the occurs in the corpus luteum
|
It produces progesterone hormone, which will further stimulate development of the endometrium
|
|
|
FEMALE What occurs if fertilization is successful or a failure
|
Successful - the corpus luteum remains functional
Failure - the corpus luteum degenerates and menstruation begins |
|
|
FEMALE What occurs during ovulation
|
The egg is swept into the oviduct or fallopian tube
|
|
|
FEMALE Where does fertilization occur
|
It occurs while the egg is in the oviduct
|
|
|
FEMALE What occurs after the egg has been fertilize
|
The fertilize egg or zygote travels to the uterus and implants itself within the endometrium
|
|
|
FEMALE What occurs after the egg has implated itself within the endometrium
|
The embryo is nourished by the placenta, which is formed by maternal and embryonic tissues
|
|
|
FEMALE What occurs during pregnancy
|
Hormones from the placenta maintain the endometrium and prepare the breasts for milk production
|
