Hesc 180 Final Exam

Front 1

In one experiment, I extracted a single muscle fiber from a rat to test the effects of lactic acid on muscle contraction. Which research term best describes this approach?
A. Applied

B. Integrative

C. Reductionist

D. Translational

Back 1

Reductionist

Front 2

The leading causes of death in the United States and other developed countries are
A. genetic

B. the result of increases in the amount of physical labor performed by individuals.

C. more prominent with increased levels of physical activity

D. a result of lifestyle related diseases

Back 2

a result of lifestyle related diseases

Front 3

The pulmonary system is responsible for regulating oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood and maintaining a normal acid-base balance in the body.
true or false

Back 3

true

Front 4

You wish to measure your improvements in anaerobic power thoughout an intense exercise training program you plan for winter session. Which test and energy source are more relevant?

A. Wingate test and Krebs cycle

B. VO2 Max test and glycolysis

C. Wingate test and glycolysis

D. VO2 Max test and Krebs cycle

Back 4

Wingate test and glycolysi

Front 5

If you experience the burning sensation associated with the accumulation of lactic acid in your muscles you can expect which of the following?
A. You will have muscle soreness during the next few days.

B. You have just stimulated the muscle cells to increase the number or quality of mitochondria.

C. You have just stimulated the lungs to increase their surface area.

D. You have just experienced the stimulus to improve anaerobic energy pathways.

Back 5

You have just experienced the stimulus to improve anaerobic energy pathways.

Front 6

A low VO2 max would affect which of the following activities the most?

A. Power lifting

B. Running marathon

C. 1 mile run

D. 100 meter sprint

Back 6

Running marathon

Front 7

The bone marrow contained within the skeletal system is responsible for the formation of a number of blood cells.

True
False

Back 7

true

Front 8

You perform a muscle biopsy and find that there is very little muscle glycogen. Which of the following interpretations would be the best.

A. The participant in your study is highly trained for strength and power but not for endurance.

B. The participant in your study has multiple sclerosis.

C. The participant in your study has been consuming too much fat and not enough protein.

D. The participant in your study has just concluded a 3 hour bout of moderate intensity exercise.

Back 8

The participant in your study has just concluded a 3 hour bout of moderate intensity exercise.

Front 9

Which of the following research examples is the most basic?

A. An experiment shows that titanium knee replacements allow better locomotion than steel knee replacements.

B. An experiment shows that breastfeeding reduces the incidence of childhood obesity.

C. An experiment shows that the generation of muscular force depends on a change in the shape of the myosin head.

D. An experiment shows that strength training is highly effective in the elderly.

Back 9

An experiment shows that strength training is highly effective in the elderly.

Front 10

In the sport of cycling, modern convention is to sustain a more revolutions per minute (rpms). What might the advantage of this be?

A. Force production is greatest at the faster RPMs.

B. This will lower the firing rates of motor units and save energy.

C. High RPMs depend more on the smaller motor units which have fatigue -resistant muscle fibers.

D. This ensures more complete recruitment of motor units.

Back 10

High RPMs depend more on the smaller motor units which have fatigue -resistant muscle fibers.

Front 11

Glycolysis makes ATP from glycogen.

True
False

Back 11

false... it makes it from glucose

Front 12

Which chamber will contain oxygenated blood that is NOT headed to the body?

A. right atrium

B. left atrium

C. right ventricle

D. left ventricle

Back 12

left atrium

Front 13

The kidneys have little control over the elimination of metabolic waste products from the body.

True
False

Back 13

false

Front 14

The most commonly used and legitimate way to generate knowledge in exercise science is

A. anecdotal information provided by professional practitioners

B. the scientific method of discovery

C. the trial and error method of discovery

D. information generated by other academic disciplines

Back 14

the scientific method of discovery

Front 15

The pulmonary system is responsible for regulating oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood and maintaining a normal acid-base balance in the body.


True
False

Back 15

true

Front 16

The bone marrow contained within the skeletal system is responsible for the formation of a number of blood cells.

True
False

Back 16

true

Front 17

Exercise Science Professionals play an important role in promoting both individual and population health.


True
False

Back 17

true

Front 18

Regular exercise results in the following change that would improve health in a person with cardiovascular disease

A. increased resting heart rate

B. increased resting blood pressure

C. increased maximal oxygen consumption

D. increased total blood cholesterol

Back 18

increased maximal oxygen consumption

Front 19

A reduced level of muscle glycogen will result in a reduced exercise intensity during prolonged exercise.


True
False

Back 19

true

Front 20

Research that acquires solutions to an immediate practical problem is called

A. basic research

B. non-scholarly research

C. applied research

D. non-scientific research

Back 20

applied research

Front 21

The mortality rate describes the relative increase in a disease condition within a specific population of people.



True
False

Back 21

false...The mortality rate is simply the death rate

Front 22

Female athletes experience fewer ACL injuries than male athletes because of the differences in structure and knee alignment between the genders.


True
False

Back 22

false

Front 23

______ is commonly considered the “father of modern medicine.”

A. Hippocrates

B. Herodicus

C. Shaman

D. Galen

Back 23

Hippocrates

Front 24

What is the main advantage of arthroscopic surgery?

A. The surgical procedure can be videotaped.

B. The electrical current facilitates healing.

C. There is less damage to structures surrounding the injury.

D. This procedure involves the use of synthetic tendons.

Back 24

There is less damage to structures surrounding the injury.

Front 25

Continuous passive rotation is

A. A means to fully relax muscles while stretching

B. A massage technique to reduce swelling

C. The recommended pattern of ultrasound application to prevent a burn

D. A machine assisted method of improving joint mobility after a surgery

Back 25

A machine assisted method of improving joint mobility after a surgery

Front 26

What is the structural role of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)?

A. It secures the hamstring muscles to bone at the knee joint

B. It prevents patellar deviation

C. It prevents anterior translation of the tibia

Back 26

It prevents anterior translation of the tibia

Front 27

The improvement of blood glucose control, as a result of participation in regular exercise, will most likely improve which of the following diseases?

A. type 2 diabetes

B. hyperchlesterolemia

C. hyperlipidemia

D. obesity

Back 27

type 2 diabetes

Front 28

The narrowing of the opening of the vessel through the buildup of plaque is often referred to as

Back 28

coronary atherosclerosis

Front 29

A myocardial infarction is usually caused by a blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle.


True
False

Back 29

true

Front 30

The primary duties of clinical exercise physiologists include all of the following except

A. diagnosing cardiovascular disease

B. performing exercise testing and evaluations

C. developing exercise prescriptions

D. conducting pre-exercise screening

Back 30

diagnosing cardiovascular disease

Front 31

A decrease in bone mineral density

Back 31

osteoporosis

Front 32

Nutritional intake strongly influences the development and progression of chronic diseases and poor health conditions such as coronary heart disease, hypertension, osteoporosis, a variety of cancers, and obesity.

A. true

B. false

Back 32

true

Front 33

Carbohydrate loading has been shown to increase muscle glycogen levels and improve certain types of aerobic endurance exercise performance.

A. true

B. false

Back 33

true

Front 34

Below normal levels of blood glucose are referred to as hyperglycemia.

A. true

B. false

Back 34

false

Front 35

Dietary fat and cholesterol are critical to the normal functioning of body tissues and overall good health of the body.

A. true

B. false

Back 35

true

Front 36

Antioxidant vitamins are needed in sufficient quantities in the diet because of their ability to protect the body from damage caused by oxygen free radicals.

A. true

B. false

Back 36

true

Front 37

carbohydrates

Back 37

nutrients is predominately responsible for providing energy during moderate to high intensity physical activity or exercise

Front 38

Diabetes

Back 38

condition occurs when blood glucose cannot be taken into the cells of the body as a result of insufficient insulin production

Front 39

An increased daily consumption of fruits and vegetables can result in

A. an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

B. an increased risk of hypertension.

C. a decreased risk of colon cancer.

D. a decreased level of HDL cholesterol.

Back 39

colon cancer

Front 40

Athletes participating in sports that require high levels of muscular strength require

A. more protein than the recommended daily intake.

B. less carbohydrates than endurance athletes.

C. less protein than endurance athletes.

D. fewer vitamins and minerals than the recommended daily intake.

Back 40

more protein than the recommended daily intake.

Front 41

Hyponatremia

Back 41

too much water intake without sufficient electrolyte replacement

Front 42

In order manipulate your own state of mind (arousal) for optimal performance, you must understand

A. your own arousal profile – at what level of arousal is your performance best

B. when you are outside of the optimal range

C. a method to modify your arousal up or down


D. all of the above

Back 42

all

Front 43

In the Navy Seal hell week study, what conclusions did the data support?

A. Caffeine improved decision making but without having a negative effect on rifle shooting performance.

B. The Profile of Mood States is not a valid or reliablie instrument.

C. Choice reaction time is improved at the end of hell week.

D. Caffeine improved decision making but worsened rifle shooting performance.

Back 43

Caffeine improved decision making but without having a negative effect on rifle shooting performance.

Front 44

A person's perception of spatial information can be manipulated without their conscious awareness.


True
False

Back 44

true

Front 45

Select a situation that would benefit from knowledge of the relationship between perception and action.

A. Strength trainging

B. The location of playgrounds in cities

C. The ability to roll cigars in an assembly line

D. The placement of signs along roadways

E. Endurance training

Back 45

The placement of signs along roadways

Front 46

The brain and spinal cord are the main components of the

A. Peripheral Nervous System

B. Autonomic Nervous System

C. Central Nervous System

D. Sympathetic Nervous System

Back 46

Central nervous system

Front 47

What line of evidence suggests that the contractile properties of muscle are heavily influenced by neural input?

A. Translational research

B. Histological staining of fiber types

C. Comparisons of sprinters and endurance runners

D. Crossed-reinnervation experiments

Back 47

Crossed-reinnervation experiments

Front 48

In the patellar tendon tap reflex, the stimulus that causes contraction of quadriceps muscles is

A. the quick stretch of the quadriceps muscle.

B. the sensation of tension (force) in the patellar tendon.

C. low-level pain caused by the tendon tap.

D. the mechanical depression of the patella.

Back 48

the quick stretch of the quadriceps muscle.

Front 49

Spinal motor neurons are involved in visual reaction time tasks that require rapid muscle contractions.


True
False

Back 49

true

Front 50

The method used to examine patterns in muscular activation (or stimulation) is

A. Electroencephalography

B. Electrocardiography

C. Mechanomyography

D. Electromyography

Back 50

Electromyography

Front 51

When you rapidly raise your extended arm to eye level…

A. your postural muscles will already have been activated to provide support.


B. through reflexes, your postural muscles will become active to provide support.

Back 51

A

Front 52

What change in the nervous system results in a strength gain?

A. greater motor unit firing rates


B. larger muscle fibers


C. more muscle spindles


D. a faster reaction time

Back 52

A

Front 53

In rapid elbow extension, a component of throwing, movement velocity is increased by

A. Smaller agonist burst

B. Earlier (advanced) antagonist burst

C. Later (delayed) antagonist burst

D. Larger antagonist burst

Back 53

C ...After the agonist (triceps) initiates the movement, a burst of antagonist (biceps)activity occurs to slow the forearm. A delay in this burst has been correlated with faster elbow extension velocity.

Front 54

When you step on a tack, your nervous system would use which reflex to prevent further injury?

Back 54

the flexor reflex

Front 55

Bilateral deficit can be modified with exercise training.


True
False

Back 55

true

Front 56

A person's center of mass can be located outside of the body.


True
False

Back 56

true

Front 57

The benefit of an aerodynamic bicycle position is the same at all velocities.



True
false

Back 57

false

Front 58

How long,who, and how many countries did Running the Sahara go through?

Back 58

111 days, Kevin, ray and charlie, 6 countries

Front 59

Running the Sahara - What countries did they go through?

Back 59

Senegal, Mauritania, Mali, Niger, Libya, and Egypt.

Front 60

Running the Sahara- How many miles did they run?

Back 60

4,300 miles (6,920 kilometers)