Hemonc, Exam 1, White Blood Cells

Front 1

White Cells

Back 1

Granulocytes: neutrophils, bands, eosinophils, basophils
Lymphocytes
Monocyte/Macrophages

Front 2

Neutrophils

Back 2

(PMNs, polys, segs)
-most common white cell
-pale pink granular cytoplasm with condensed, segmented nucleus
-1/2 life: 7hr
-fx: chemotaxis, phagocytosis, kill phagocytosed bacteria

Front 3

Bands

Back 3

(stabs)
-immature PMNs
-curved nucleus, not yet segmented

Front 4

Eosinophils

Back 4

Sunkist Orange!
-granulocytes w/ large refractile, orange-pink granules
-bilobed nucleus
-fx: all PMN fx, plus effector cell for Ab-dependent damage to parasites, regulation of immediate-type hypersensitivity rxn (inactivation of histamine & leukotrienes fr basophils/mast cells)
-in mucosa of: GI, bronchial, lower GU

Front 5

Basophils

Back 5

most rare
-large, dark blue granules overlie the nucleus
-fx: mediate immediate-type hypersensitivity, modulation of inflammatory responses (release heparans & proteases)

Front 6

Lymphocytes

Back 6

oval nucleus with thin blue cytoplasm rim
-may have a few purplish-red granules
-smooth nuclear border

fx: imm reg, prodx of hematopoietic GF's

Front 7

Monocytes

Back 7

big & scary
-largest white cell in periphery
-nucleus: folded, uneven contour
-cytoplasm: grey, may have vacuoles
-bigger than segs
-fx: chemotaxis, phagocytosis, kill some microbe, Ag presentation, cytokine release -> BM stromal cells -> GF
-removes: abnl/senescent RBCs, neoplastic/foreign cells
-1/2 life: 70hr

Front 8

Elevated Neutrophil Count Ddx

Back 8

-physiologic*: exercise, pregnancy, lactation, neuonates
-acute infx/inflamm*
-myeloproliferative disorders (esp CML)*
-drugs: corticosteroids*, G-CSF*, lithium
-acute hemorrhage
-misc: seizures, electric shock, s/p-splenectomy, Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency*
-non-hematologic malignancies

Front 9

Neutropenia Ddx

Back 9

-AA's (benign ethnic neutropenia)
-drugs*: anti-psychotics, anti-epileptics, anti-thyroid, some abx
-chemotherapeutic agents
-immune*: lupus, RA
-infx: viral, bacterial sepsis, tb, fungal
-familial
-hypothyroidism, hypopituitarism

Front 10

Agranulocytosis

Back 10

-(near-)complete absence of neutrophils in peripheral blood
-nl plt count, nl hgb
-usu drug-induced: clozapine, propythiouracil, anti-convulsants, sulfa & chloramphenicol
*Levamisol-contaminated COCAINE
-mouth & throat necrotizing ulcers
-risk of infx (life threatening)

Front 11

Eosinophilia Ddx

Back 11

"NAACP"
-Neoplasm
-Allergy/asthma
-Addison's dz (don't make corticosteroids)
-Collagen vascular dz
-Parasites (tissue invasive)

Front 12

Basophilia Ddx

Back 12

too many basophils
fx: myeloproliferative disorders*, hypersensitivity rx, thyroid dz

Front 13

Lymphocytosis Ddx

Back 13

-kids: viral infx
-bacterial infx (pertussis, tb, syphilis, brucellosis
-old: Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
-lymphomas & waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia

Front 14

Lymphopenia Ddx

Back 14

-Immunodeficiencies (HIV/AIDS)
-Immunosuppressives (corticosteroids)
-lymphomas
-granulomatous dz (sarcoid, tb)
-ETOH, malnutrition, zinc def.

Front 15

Monocytosis Ddx

Back 15

-Bacterial Infx: tb, syphilis, subacute bacterial endocarditis, typhoid, brucellosis
-protozoal infx: malaria
-rickettsial infx: RMSF, typhus
-myelodysplastic syndrome*
-leukemia
-IBD

Front 16

Inherited Neutrophil Abnormalities

Back 16

-Leukocyte Adhesion Def
-Chronic Granulomatous Dz
-Myeloperoxidase Def
-Chediak-Higashi Syndrome

Front 17

Acquired Def in Neutrophil Fx

Back 17

-corticosteroid use*
-ETOH*
-leukemia*
-myelodysplasia*
-myeloproliferative disorders*