Hemonc, Exam 1, Hematopoiesis

Front 1

Pluripotent

Back 1

small mononuclear cells
-self-perpetuating
-forms colonies (CFU)

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Multipotent

Back 2

can differentiate into lymphoid or myeloid cells

Front 3

Progenitor cells

Back 3

committed a cell lineage. developmental restriction, allows tremendous amplification

Front 4

Precursor cells

Back 4

can proliferate into mature cells of various types. Has morph. charac. specific to lineage

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Embryo Hematopoiesis

Back 5

wk 3: fetal yolk sac
then, liver
2nd trimester: spleen
at term: BM
<4yr: all bone cavities
adults: axial skeleton, proximal long bone

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stroma includes:

Back 6

fat cells, macrophages, endothelial cells, fibroblasts

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Non-lineage specific Growth Factors (for hematopoiesis)

Back 7

Act on pluripotent & multipotent SC's. initiate self-renewal & differentiation
-IL-3
-GM-CSF

Front 8

Lineage specific Growth Factors (for hematopoiesis)

Back 8

G-CSF
M-CSF
IL-5
EPO
TPO (thrombopoietin)

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Erythropoiesis

Back 9

proerythroblast
basophilic erythroblast
polychromatophilic erythroblast (last stage capable of division)
orthochromatophilic erythroblast
reticulocyte
mature RBC

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Proerythroblast (pronormoblast)

Back 10

LARGE cells w/ intense blue cytoplasm & round nucleus w/ few NUCLEOLI
-committed stem cell

Front 11

Basophilic Erythroblast (normoblast)

Back 11

intense darker blue cytoplasm, condensed nuclear chromatin, WITHOUT nucleoli

Front 12

Polychromatophilic Erythroblast

Back 12

grayish cytoplasm (Hgb production), smaller condensed nucleolus
-last stage capable of division
-first cell to make Hgb*

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Orthochromatophilic Erythroblast

Back 13

reddish cytoplasm, very small condensed nucleus

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Reticulocyte

Back 14

after orthochromic normoblast extrudes nucleus.
retains mitochondria and polyribosomes (Hgb produc)
-first immature RBC
-remnants of RNA = "reticular"

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mature RBC

Back 15

after reticulocyte loses capacity for aerobic metabolism and Hgb synthesis
a couple days after leave BM
-120 day lifespan

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Granulopoiesis

Back 16

myeloblast
promyeloblast
myelocyte
metamyelocyte
band
neutrophil

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Myeloblast

Back 17

large cell, high N:C ratio
-nucleus: delicate chromatin pattern w/ few nucleoli

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Promyelocyte

Back 18

similar to myeloblast appearance, except cytoplasm contains primary (purple) granules

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Myelocyte

Back 19

*last stage capable of division.
-nucleus: smaller, condense, lacks nucleoli, may be eccentrically located
-cytoplasm: secondary (pink) granules
-granules specific to neutrophils/eosinophils/basophils

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Metamyelocyte

Back 20

kidney-shaped nucleus, pink cytoplasm

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Band

Back 21

horseshoe nucleus, pink cytoplasm

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Neutrophil

Back 22

highly condense, loculated nucleus
-first line of defense against microorganisms
-lysosomal enzymes digest ingested bacteria

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Monocytopoiesis

Back 23

monoblasts -> monocytes, leave bloodstream -> part of mononuclear phagocyte system

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Megakaryocytopoiesis

Back 24

-megakaryocytes mature into multilobed giant cells (endomitotic divisions)
-cytoplasm becomes granular, released into BM sinusoids in ribbons that contain platelets

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Lymphopoiesis

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B-cells: differentiate in BM, then to lymphoid organs
T-cells: differentiate in thymus, then to lymphoid organs

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nl Adult BM

Back 26

-50% fat cells
-myeloid:erythroid = 2:1 to 7:1
-megakaryocytes: 2-5 per high power field
-plasma cells <3%
-lymphocytes <20%

Front 27

Cellular Components of Blod

Back 27

-Erythrocytes
-Granulocytes (basophils, neutrophils, eosinophils)
-Monocytes
-Lymphocytes
-Platelets