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90 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
elderly patient with bone pain
renal failure hypercalcemia |
Multiple Myeloma
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Bence Jones proteins
immunoelectrophoresis shows M-spike Rouleaux on blood smear |
Multiple Myeloma
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Amitriptyline causes urinary retension
mechanism? |
decreased detrusor contraction
prevent urethral sphincter relaxation |
|
tx for uncomplicated cystitis
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trimethoprim-sulfameth
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emperic tx for neutrapenic fever
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IV cefepime
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Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia
when? resolution? theraputic effect of heparin? |
onset is 3 - 15 days after initiation of heparin
resolution is 4 -5 days after d/c heparin increases PTT |
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tx of hypercalcemia of malignancy
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bisphosphonates
ex. zoledronic acid |
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hematuria, hypertension, red cell casts, mild proteinuria
LOW C3 COMPLEMENT 10 - 20 days after sore throat |
Post-Strep glomerulonephritis
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hyperglycemia, diarrhea, necrolytic migratory erythemia
dx? |
Glucagonoma
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Glucagonoma
tx? |
removal of tumor
Does not respond to chem |
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SIADH is associated with this cancer
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small cell lung cancer
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firm, solitary lymph nodes in the head and neck is concerning for
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squamous cell carcinoma
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SIADH
1st step in tx |
fluid restriction
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smoker
hypercalcemia hilar mass = |
squamous cell carcinoma
|
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smudge cells
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CLL
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CLL
poor prognosis is associated with: |
thrombocytopenia
|
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leukocyte alkaline phosphase score is low
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CLL
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high leukocyte alkaline phosphase score
|
leukomoid reaction
|
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CLL
dx tx |
flow cytometry of peripheral blood
chlorambucil and prednisone |
|
eczematous rash on the nipple
|
Padget's
adenocarcinoma of the breast |
|
Lynch syndrome
|
HNPCC
associated with endometrial cancer |
|
patient with migratory thrombophlebitis
look for? |
adenocarcinoma
|
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adolescent male with epistaxis, localized mass and bony erosion of back of nose
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angiofibroma
|
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decreased iron, decreased TIBC, decreased iron saturation, increased ferritin
normocytic |
anemia of chronic disease
|
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macrocytic anemia with hypersegmented neutrophils
increased homocysteine |
folic acid or cobalamin deficiency
|
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common anemia with vitiligo or autoimmune thyroid disease
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pernicious anemia
|
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decreased serum iron, decreased iron saturation, increased TIBC
hypochromatic, microcytic pica |
iron deficiency anemia
|
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+ Prussian Blue Staining
hemolytic anemia form oxidative stress |
G6PD deficiency
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Hereditary Spherocytosis
Dx: Genetics: Tx: |
Dx: osmotic fragility test
Autosomal dominant Tx: folate supplement, splenectomy |
|
cholelithiasis
chronic leg ulcers episodes of aplastic crisis increased bilirubin increased reticulocytes, spherocytes splenomegaly |
Hereditary Spherocytosis
|
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patient who is NPO with increased PT
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vitamin K deficiency
|
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Lupus anticoagulent
|
anti-phospholipid antibody
leads to prolonged PTT |
|
telangiectasia
pulmonary AVMs leading to hemoptysis recurrent nose bleeds and oral lesions |
Osler-Weber-Rendu Syndrome
|
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hemosiderin deposition and fibrosis in joints
|
hemarthroses
seen in hemophilia |
|
child with infection, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly
>25% lymphoblast on bone marrow |
ALL
|
|
+ PAS lymphoblast
+ immuno TdT staining |
ALL
|
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metastatic hemorrhagic mass in brain =
|
malignant melanoma
|
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one brain met with stable extracranial disease
tx: |
surgical resection with whole brain radiation
|
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multiple brain mets
tx: |
palliative whole brain radiation
|
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highly increased IgM
hepatosplenomegaly fatigue, night sweats, headache, dizziness, vision problems, pain/numbness |
Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia
|
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G6PD deficiency
Genetics: Findings: |
x-linked recessive
(AA males) acute hemolytic crisis: bite cells, Heinz bodies (crystal violet staining) |
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germ cell tumor with increased BHCG and normal AFP
|
Seminoma
|
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how do you prevent febrile reaction to donor blood that is correctly crossed matched?
|
washing cells
|
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this leads to increased production in erythropoietin
|
obstructive sleep apnea
|
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most important prognostic factor in breast cancer
|
TNM staging
|
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stroke in sickle cell patient
do? |
exchange transfusion
|
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hairy cell leukemia
tx: |
cladribine
|
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warfarin associated skin necrosis is caused by ?
|
protein C deficiency
|
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Trastuzuamb
treats what? what should be done before tx? |
treats + Her 2 breast cancer
echocardiogram due to increased risk of cardiotoxicity in patients with decreased EF |
|
weight loss in patients with advanced cancer
treat with? |
progestin
|
|
>50yo patient with fatigue, malaise, fever, anorexia, weight loss, bone pain
|
CML
|
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CML
genetics |
9:22 translocation
abnormal BCR-ABL gene abnormal tyrosine kinase |
|
CML
tx: |
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor
Imatinib (Gleevec) |
|
heartburn, significant wt loss, fatigue, history of smoking =
affirm dx : |
Esophageal Cancer
barium swallow followed by endoscopy |
|
painless hard mass solid mass in testicle
next step: |
radical orchiectomy
|
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familial colonic polyposis
genetics: tx: |
autosomal dominant
requires protocolectomy because there is a 100% risk of cancer |
|
HER2 oncogene
detected by: tx with: |
FISH
trastuzumab and anthracycline |
|
low grade MALT lymphoma
origin: tx: |
H. pylori
omeprazole, clarithromycin, amoxicillin |
|
target cells
microcytosis anemia |
thalassemias
|
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NSAIDs can lead to this deficiency
|
iron
|
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decreased haptoglobin
increased LDH increased bilirubin |
hemolytic anemia
|
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phenytoin impairs absorption of this vitamin
|
folate
|
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abdominal pain, constipation, difficulty concentrating, fatigue, myalgias, anemia
Basophilic stippling |
Lead Poisoning
|
|
Lead Poisoning
Tx #1 cause |
EDTA or succimer
occupational |
|
abnormal cell membrane anchor protein GP1
venous thrombosis, especially in hepatic veins |
paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
|
|
5-10 days after exposure
pro-thrombotic condition BOTH arterial and venous clots |
Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia
|
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increased monoblasts, promonocytes
NO Auer rods + esterase |
AML
|
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erythroblasts with irregular outline and increased nuclear:cytoplasm ratio
|
Acute erythroleukemia
|
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several Auer rods in each cell
hypergranular promyelocytes |
Acute Promyelocytic leukemia
|
|
Shilling test:
diminished urinary excretion after unlabeled B12 and normal excretion after dose of intrinsic factor 2. and if diminished excretion after intrinsic factor |
1. pernicious anemia
2. malabsorption syndrome (ex. short gut) |
|
patient with renal failure, thrombocytopenia and unexplained hemolytic anemia
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TTP-HUS
|
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TTP-HUS
cause: tx: |
high accumulation of von Willebrand factor leading to platelet aggregation
tx: plasmaphoresis |
|
Senile Purpura
cause: |
perivascular connective tissue atrophy
|
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acetaminophen overdose
administer this within how many hours? |
n-acetylcysteine
within 8 hours of tylenol ingestion |
|
tx for organophosphate poisoning
|
atropine
|
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lye ingestion
next step: |
early upper gastrointestinal contrast studies and/or endoscopy are critical
|
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abdominal pain, hematemsis, hypovolemic shock, metabolic acidosis
toxic amount of: tx: |
iron poisoning
tx deferoxamine |
|
bradycardia, AV block, hypotension, diffuse wheezing
cold, clammy extremities OD of: tx |
Beta blockers
tx: atropine and IV fluids first second glucagon |
|
decreased respiratory rate, hypotension, hypothermia
OD of: tx |
Opiods
tx: naloxone (or methodone) |
|
hyperthermia, dilated pupils, ileus, seizures, prolonged QTC, hypotension
OD on: tx: |
Tricyclics
Tx: sodium bicarbonate |
|
mechanism of sodium bicarbonate in tricylic overdose
|
increases extracellular sodium thereby improving blood pressure, QRS, and decreasing incidence of arrhythmia
|
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headache, nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain, anion gap metabolic acidosis
vision loss toxic dx and tx |
methanol
tx: fomepizole or ethanol |
|
ethylene glycol leads to this organ damage
|
kidney damage
|
|
fluphenazine
class of drug important side effect |
typical antipsychotic
can cause hypothermia |
|
tx for NMS
|
dantrolene
|
|
tx for Torsades de Point
|
magnesium sulfate
|
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slurred speech, unsteady gait, drowsiness, normal pupil, mild decrease in respiratory rate
overdose on: |
benzo
|
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horizontal nystagmus, cerebellar ataxia, confusion
overdose on: |
phenytoin
|
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tremor, hyperreflexia, ataxia, seizures
overdose on: |
lithium
|
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decreased respiratory rate
miosis, sedation overdose on: |
opiods
|