Hemodynamic Monitoring

Front 1

cardiac output

Back 1

the amount of blood ejected by the ventricle in 1 minute

Front 2

cardiac index

Back 2

the the cardiac output indexed for differences in body size by dividing the body surface area

Front 3

stroke volume

Back 3

the amount of blood ejected by the ventricle with each contraction; also defined as the difference between the end-diastolic volumeand end-systolic volume

Front 4

stroke index

Back 4

the stroke volume indexed for differences in boby size by dividing body surface area

Front 5

ejection fraction

Back 5

percentage of blood in the ventricle that is ejected during systole; normal is 55-75%

Front 6

afterload

Back 6

the pressure against which the ventricle must pump; the pressure requitred to open the semilunar valve

Front 7

right ventricle afterload

Back 7

is evaluated by pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and pulmonary vascular resistance index (PVRI)

Front 8

left ventricle afterload

Back 8

is evaluated by systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI)

Front 9

Preload

Back 9

the volume of blood in the ventricleat the end of diastole(end-diastolic pressure); determines the stretch on the myofibrils and the subsequent force of the next contraction(according to Starling's Law of the Heart)

Front 10

Though preload is volume concept, atrial pressures commonly used to evaluate preload

Back 10

atrial pressure correlates to the end-diastolic pressure for the respective and, therefore, to the preload for the respective ventricle when ventricular compliance atroventricular valve function is normal

Front 11

right ventricular end-diastolic pressure and preload evaluated by

Back 11

right atrial pressure

Front 12

left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and preload are evaluated indirectly by

Back 12

pulmonary artery occlusive pressure or directly by left atrial presure

Front 13

heart rate

Back 13

Measured as follows: count rate at the apex or number of R waves by ECG monitor. Normal 60-100 beats/min

Front 14

Mean arterial pressure (MAP)

Back 14

Calculated as follows:
[SBP+ (DBP X 2)]/3
70-105 mmHg (Normal SBPis 90-140 mm Hg; Normal DBP is 60-90 mm Hg

Front 15

Cardiac Output (CO)

Back 15

Measured as follows: Usually by thermodilution technique
Normal 4-8 L/min

Front 16

Cardiac Index (CI)

Back 16

Calculated as follows: CO/BSA, where BSA is body surface area.
Normal 2.5-4 L/min/m2

Front 17

stroke volume (SV)

Back 17

Calculated as follows:
CO/HR
normal 60-120 mls/beat

Front 18

stroke index

Back 18

Calculated as follows:
SV/BSA
normal 30-65 mls/m2/beat

Front 19

right atrial pressure (RAP)

Back 19

Measured as follows:
At the proximal port of the pulmonary artery catheter; this port is located in the right atrium.
Normal 2-6 mm Hg; 3-8 cm H2O

Front 20

systemic vascular resistance
(left ventricular afterload)

Back 20

[(MAP-RAP) X 80]/CO
normal 900-1400dynes/sec/cm-5

Front 21

pulmonary artery pressure

Back 21

measured as follows: At the distal port of the pulmonary artery catheter with the ballon deflated; the tip is located in a pulmonary arteriole. Normal: systolic 15-30 mm Hg, diastolic 5-15 mm Hg, mean (PAm) 10-20 mm Hg

Front 22

pulmonary artery occlusive pressure (PAOP)
(left ventricular preload)

Back 22

Measured as follows: At the distal port or the pulmonary artery catheter with the balloon inflated; because pressures on the right side of the heart are blocked by the inflated balloon. PAOP indirectly reflects left atrial pressure, left ventricular end-diastolic presssure, and left ventricular preload

Front 23

pulmonary artery occlusive pressure (PAOP) normals:

Back 23

8-12 mm Hg (Note: Though 8-12 mm Hg is normal, many patients require a higher pressure[as high as 15-20 mm Hg] to achieve optimal stretch on myofibrils and optimal preload.)