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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
cardiac output
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the amount of blood ejected by the ventricle in 1 minute
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cardiac index
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the the cardiac output indexed for differences in body size by dividing the body surface area
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stroke volume
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the amount of blood ejected by the ventricle with each contraction; also defined as the difference between the end-diastolic volumeand end-systolic volume
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stroke index
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the stroke volume indexed for differences in boby size by dividing body surface area
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ejection fraction
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percentage of blood in the ventricle that is ejected during systole; normal is 55-75%
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afterload
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the pressure against which the ventricle must pump; the pressure requitred to open the semilunar valve
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right ventricle afterload
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is evaluated by pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and pulmonary vascular resistance index (PVRI)
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left ventricle afterload
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is evaluated by systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI)
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Preload
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the volume of blood in the ventricleat the end of diastole(end-diastolic pressure); determines the stretch on the myofibrils and the subsequent force of the next contraction(according to Starling's Law of the Heart)
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Though preload is volume concept, atrial pressures commonly used to evaluate preload
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atrial pressure correlates to the end-diastolic pressure for the respective and, therefore, to the preload for the respective ventricle when ventricular compliance atroventricular valve function is normal
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right ventricular end-diastolic pressure and preload evaluated by
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right atrial pressure
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left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and preload are evaluated indirectly by
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pulmonary artery occlusive pressure or directly by left atrial presure
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heart rate
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Measured as follows: count rate at the apex or number of R waves by ECG monitor. Normal 60-100 beats/min
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Mean arterial pressure (MAP)
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Calculated as follows:
[SBP+ (DBP X 2)]/3 70-105 mmHg (Normal SBPis 90-140 mm Hg; Normal DBP is 60-90 mm Hg |
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Cardiac Output (CO)
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Measured as follows: Usually by thermodilution technique
Normal 4-8 L/min |
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Cardiac Index (CI)
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Calculated as follows: CO/BSA, where BSA is body surface area.
Normal 2.5-4 L/min/m2 |
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stroke volume (SV)
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Calculated as follows:
CO/HR normal 60-120 mls/beat |
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stroke index
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Calculated as follows:
SV/BSA normal 30-65 mls/m2/beat |
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right atrial pressure (RAP)
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Measured as follows:
At the proximal port of the pulmonary artery catheter; this port is located in the right atrium. Normal 2-6 mm Hg; 3-8 cm H2O |
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systemic vascular resistance
(left ventricular afterload) |
[(MAP-RAP) X 80]/CO
normal 900-1400dynes/sec/cm-5 |
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pulmonary artery pressure
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measured as follows: At the distal port of the pulmonary artery catheter with the ballon deflated; the tip is located in a pulmonary arteriole. Normal: systolic 15-30 mm Hg, diastolic 5-15 mm Hg, mean (PAm) 10-20 mm Hg
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pulmonary artery occlusive pressure (PAOP)
(left ventricular preload) |
Measured as follows: At the distal port or the pulmonary artery catheter with the balloon inflated; because pressures on the right side of the heart are blocked by the inflated balloon. PAOP indirectly reflects left atrial pressure, left ventricular end-diastolic presssure, and left ventricular preload
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pulmonary artery occlusive pressure (PAOP) normals:
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8-12 mm Hg (Note: Though 8-12 mm Hg is normal, many patients require a higher pressure[as high as 15-20 mm Hg] to achieve optimal stretch on myofibrils and optimal preload.)
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