Hematology (Leukocytes & Disorders)

Front 1

name three causes of eosinophilia

Back 1

Allergy, drugs, infections (parasitic, fungal)

Front 2

name three causes of benign neutrophilic leukocytosis (aka. neutrophilia)

Back 2

- infections (bacterial)
- inflammation
- drugs

Front 3

3. Which of the following cells would be considered granulocytes?
a. Neutrophil
b. Lymphocyte
c. Eosinophil
d. Basophil
e. Monocyte

Back 3

A, C, D

Front 4

4. Which of the following neutrophil functions is defective in chronic granulomatous disease?
a. Chemotaxis
b. Migration
c. Phagocytosis
d. Intracellular killing

Back 4

D

Front 5

name four common causes of neutropenia

Back 5

Bone marrow isn’t making (chemotherapy; aplastic anemia), you’re using them up really quickly (immune response), you’re taking them out of circulation too quickly (splenomegaly), drugs

Front 6

what do i think when i see hypersegmentation of neutrophils?

Back 6

megaloblastic anemia

Front 7

neutrophils primary granules contain =
neutrophils secondary granules contain=

Back 7

primary = myeloperoxidase, lysozyme, elastase

secondary = lactoferrin, lysozyme, collagenase

Front 8

name the unique protein to eosinophils

Back 8

major basic protein!! (don't forget they also have peroxidase)

Front 9

eosinophils participate in ______ responses

Back 9

allergic

Front 10

basophil granules contain _____ and ____.

Back 10

histamine; heparin

Front 11

what do i think when i see hypersegmentation of neutrophils?

Back 11

megaloblastic anemia

Front 12

neutrophils primary granules contain =
neutrophils secondary granules contain=

Back 12

primary = myeloperoxidase, lysozyme, elastase

secondary = lactoferrin, lysozyme, collagenase

Front 13

name the unique protein to eosinophils

Back 13

major basic protein!! (don't forget they also have peroxidase)

Front 14

eosinophils participate in ______ responses

Back 14

allergic

Front 15

basophil granules contain _____ and ____.

Back 15

histamine; heparin

Front 16

along with mast cells, these leukocytes play an important role in immediate-type hypersensitivity reactions.

Back 16

basophils

Front 17

what leukocyte type is involved in chronic inflammatory response, presents antigens to T cells, and destroys old RBCs in the bone marrow, spleen and liver?

Back 17

monocytes

Front 18

name some of the enzymes found in monocytes

Back 18

Collagenase, elastase, coagulation system proteins, hydrolytic enzymes

Front 19

what is the main role of monocytes

Back 19

phagocytose particulate material and kill microorganisms like the neutrophils do...

Front 20

6. Name three characteristics of a neutrophilic leukemoid reaction.

Back 20

1) "left shift" of neutrophilic band cells, 2) Dohle bodies, 3) toxic granulation

Front 21

causes of basophilia

Back 21

usually associated with myeloproliferative disorder (chronic myelogenous leukemia)

Front 22

lymphocytosis is associated with IL-__. name some causes.

Back 22

IL-7.
causes:
-infections (viral, pertussis, TB)
-infectious mononucleosis (EBV, CMV)
- autoimmune disorders
- drugs
-lymphomas/leukemias

Front 23

whats the differential dx for lymphocytosis?

Back 23

1) Reactive: lymphocytic leukemoid reaction – infectious mononucleosis
- Reactive lymphocytes
2) Neoplastic: Leukemia
- Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Blasts (progenitor)
- Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Mature neoplastic B lymphocytes

Front 24

what is shown here? what dx?

Back 24

reactive "atypical" lymphocyte
infectious mononucleosis (either EBV or CMV, just use monospot test to tell if EBV)

Front 25

clinical features of infectious mono

Back 25

Adolescents and young adults
Fever, tonsillitis
Cervical adenopathy
Mild hepatitis, moderate splenomegaly

Front 26

lab data for infectious mononucleosis

Back 26

Mono-spot test: heterophil anti-sheep rbc Abs
EBV titers – IgM, IgG
Absolute lymphocytosis with atypical lymphs
May see WBC as high as 80.0 X 10 9 C/L

Front 27

what are the consequences of neutropenia

Back 27

- inc risk of bacterial/fungal infection
- ulceration of oral cavity (also skin, GI, GU)
- sx's related to infection (fever, chills, malaise)

Front 28

is chronic drop or acute drop of neutrophils more worrisome/dangeous

Back 28

acute drop bc won't give body time to adjust (this is the case with chemotherapy)

Front 29

which are more common in WBC abnormalities: acquired or inherited?

Back 29

acquired

Front 30

what is shown here? dx?

Back 30

Dohle bodies (stacks of RER or denatured aggregates of free ribosomes)

dx: neutrophilic leukemoid reaction

Front 31

___ therapy can be used for some etiologies of both chronic and acute neutropenias.

Back 31

G-CSF

Front 32

what is this? dx?

Back 32

toxic granulation (results from altered maturation of neutrophilic granules during neutrophilic state)

Front 33

what is this showing? dx?

Back 33

vacuoles in the cytoplasm (means the neutrophils have been eating stuff)

- occurs in many cases of septicemia, but basically in neutrophilic states(like infections)

Front 34

what is shown here?

Back 34

left shift band cell

Front 35

what is hyposegmentation associated with

Back 35

myelodysplasias, drugs, infection (mycoplasma, HIV)

"pseudo pelger huet" change

Front 36

chronic granulomatous dz is defective what?

Back 36

oxidative respiratory burst (cna' tmake H2O2)

so cat positive organisms live safely within neutrophils, safe from antibiotics (ie. staph, aspergillus)

so body makes granulomas to help fight/contain bugs it can't kill -- leads to recurrent abscesses, infections

Front 37

what is the only curative measure for CGD?

Back 37

bone marrow transplant

Front 38

tell me about Pelger-Huet anomaly

Back 38

2 lobed neutrophils (although usually nl # and fxn of neutrophils)

Front 39

which leukocyte anomaly has intracytoplasmic inclusions in granulocytes and monocytes (that look like Dohle bodies)?

Back 39

May-Hegglin anomaly

Front 40

leukocyte anomaly with giant platelets

Back 40

May-Hegglin anomaly

Front 41

what dz is shown here? what's the problem here?

Back 41

chediak-higashi syndrome (see reduced and abnormal granules)

there's lysosome problems that lead to recurrent infections bc immune cells can't kill bacteria/viruses effectively

Front 42

dz?

Back 42

pelger-huet anomaly (hyposegmented neutrophil)

Front 43

what dz?

Back 43

may-hegglin anomaly (intracytoplasmic inclusions in granulocytes and monocytes/giant platelets)

Front 44

dz?

Back 44

may-hegglin anomaly

Front 45

dz?

Back 45

Alder-Reilly anomaly (assoc. in mucopolysaccharidoses)

toxic granulation on steroids