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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
When performing an infant exam...
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examine on table: place a towel or blanket under them:
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When does stranger anxiety set it?
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about 7 months
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If the pediatric patient is quiet, what exams are done first/which are done last
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Heart, Abdomen, hips
Traumatic ones last: ears, mouth, throat |
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Equipment for HEENT
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Snellen eye chart: otoscope: insufflation bulb: ophthalmoscope: tongue blades: tuning forks
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After assessing the patient, the clinician must make an immediate impression. What is it?
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Emergency: do something right now: Urgency: do something today: Important: develop a plan for doing something: Not important: educate, reassure and advise the patient
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Examine the head for:
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deformities. Palpate for tenderness, masses. Wounds. Evidence of previous trauma or surgery
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Examine the face for:
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Deformity, palpate for tenderness, masses: Observe for abnormal muscle or nerve function:
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Types of hair loss.
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Alopecia areata: loss in specific area. Male pattern baldness: duh? Trichotillomania: hairs broken close to the scalp. Fungual infection: hair regrows
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When hair is thin and fine it is a sign of
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Hyperthyroidism
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When hair is thick and stiff it is a sign of
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Hypothyroidism
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When examining the face, look for
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tenderness over sinuses, forehead, temples, jaw
Skin lesions: normal/abnormal function CNVII, CNV |
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Diagnosis of Headache
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Sinusitis; dental disorders; meningitis, encephalitis, intracranial mass; trigeminal neuralgia; cervical disk degeneration, temporal arteritis, migraine, cluster tension
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Sinusitis
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air filled, paired extensions of the nasal cavities become obstructed and infected
Bacterial, viral, allergic Usual: s pneu. H influ. M Catarrhalis |
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Sinusitis is...
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worse upon arising or leaning forward: pain, pressure, tenderness over the frontal or max sinuses. Fever: elevated WBC, fluid level visible on plain film
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Dental disorders that cause headache
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Pain in gums, mandible, maxilla
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Meningitis that causes headache
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constant, unrelieved HA: Neck pain and back pain when tipping the head forward: stiff neck: systemic signs of infection: confusion, adigation: No localizing neuro signs
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Encephalitis that causes HA
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constant, unrelieved HA: No neck pain: systemic signs of infection: confusion, agitation, psychosis: no localizing nauro signs
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Intracranial mass that causes headache
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localizing neuro signs: slow onset of symptoms over weeks or months: malignant tumors: non-malignant tumors, space occupying masses
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Malignant tumors can be
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carcinoma
Sarcoma lymphoma |
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Non malignant tumors are
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Meningiomas
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Trigeminal neuralgia that causes headache
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pain in the dritribution of CN V
Onset usually > 55 Sharp, lancenating, electric |
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Space occupying masses include
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cysts, abscesses, hematomas
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Meniere's Disease
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affects vestibular labyrinth
Cause uncertain: Sx: vertigo, tinnitus, progressive hearing loss |
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Labyrinthitis
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Inflammation of the labyrinthine canal of the inner ear: severe vertigo with nystagmus, sensorineural hearing loss
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Acoustic neuroma
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benign tumor on the VIII cranial nerve: impairs auditory acuity: may impair balance: may cause vertigo
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Parts of the ear:
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Pinna, auricle, tragus, helix, antihelix, eustachian tube, tympanic membrane.
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Rinne test is done for
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bone vs air acuity (conductive hearing loss)
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Weber test is done for
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bone conduction laterization
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Schwabach test
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measure your hearing against the patients
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Disorders of the ear include
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d/o pinna: otitis externa: otitis media: impacted cerumen: FB in ear canal: Pain referred from jaw, throat, face, mastoiditis
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Otitis externa
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infection of the canal with Pseudonomas, other bacterias and candida, can cause conductive hearing loss
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Otitis media
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infection of the space btwn the tympanic membrane and the inner ear; normally air filled, tympanic membrane is red, bulgin, immobile
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Tympanostomy tubes
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allow air to get into the ear space behind the ear drum: tubes can prevent hearing loss due to infections and reduce # of infections
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mastoiditis
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evolves after inadequately treated acute otitis media: postauricular pain and erythema, srep neumonia, S pyogenes, s. aureus, h influenza
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Conductive hearing loss
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obstruction of ear canal
damage to tymp. membrn damage to ossicles fluid in the middle ear abnormal weber/rinne/schwabach test |
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sensorineural hearing loss
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damage to CN VIII, Damage to inner ear; acoustic neuroma: normal or abnormal weber test: normal rinne test: abnormal schwabach test
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epistaxis
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bleeding from nasal septum
due to trauma, picking, dryness, chronic insufflation of cocaine or amphetamines, chronic use of decongestants |
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Chronic allergic rhinitis
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sneezing, cough: itchy nose, irritate nasopharynx, nasal congestion, watery drainage, headache, sore throat, pain on swallowing, associated with seasonal/allergens
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nasal polyps
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benign growths of connective tissue covered by mucosa: may be highly vascular: may obstruct breathing: common cause of epistaxis
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nasal hematoma
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submucosal collection of blood coming from the vessels of the nasal mucosa; pressure on nasal cartilage
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