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103 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is the function of cardiovascular system?
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transport materials throughout the body to maintain homeostasis.
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Transport vehicle
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blood
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pipes?
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blood vessels
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Pump?
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Heart
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how many chambers does the heart have?
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4
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what are the 2 atria?
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receiving chambers
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what are the 2 ventricles
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pumping chambers
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the pulmonary circuit goes to the____________?
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lungs
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the systemic circuit goes to the _____________?
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body
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the heart lies between the __________ in the mediastium...
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lungs
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the base(top) lie between the __ and ___ ribs?
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2nd and 3rd
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the apex lies between the __ and ___ ribs?
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5th and 6th
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mass of the heart is
____-____ in males and ____ - _______ in females |
250-390
200-275 |
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what covers the heart?
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Pericardium
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triple layerd sac enclosing the heart
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pericardial sac
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external layer of dense connective tissue
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fibrous pericardium
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internal layers of serous membrane
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serous pericardium
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what are the two layers of the serous pericardium?
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parietal layer and visceral layer
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this layer of serous pericardium lines the inner side of the fibrous pericardium
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parietal layer
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this layer of the serous pericardium directly covers the heart, also called the epicardium
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visceral layer
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what is between the 2 serous layers that contains pericardial fluid and provides lubrication?
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Pericardial cavity
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What are the three layers of the heart?
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epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
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External layer of heart wall?
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Epicardium
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the epicardium often is inflitrated with what type of tissue?
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adipose
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the middle layer of the heart wall is the?
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Myocardium
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the myocardium is interlaced with?
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Cardiac muscle fibers
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the internal layer of the heart wall is the?
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Endocardium
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the endocardium is a thin layer of what type of cells?
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endothelial and connective tissue
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the endocardium composes the?
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heart valves
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the superior chambers of the heart is the?
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atria
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the superior chambers are seperated by the
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interatrial septum
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external flaps of the atria
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auricles
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inferior chambers of the heart
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ventricles
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the inferior chambers of the heart are seperated by the
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interventricular septum
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groove that seperates the atria from the ventricles
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coronary sulcus
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groove that seperates the ventricles anteriorly
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anterior interventricular sulcus
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groove that seperates the ventricles posteriorly
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posterior interventricular sulcus
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heart valve that lies between the atria and ventricles
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atrioventricular valves
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what av valve is on the right side with 3 cusps
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tricuspid valves
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what av valve is on the left side with 2 cusps
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bicuspid valve (mitral)
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flap
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cusp
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tendinous cords or heart strings
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chordae tendonae
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muscular projections
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papillary muscles
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explain what happens to av vavle during contraction?
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papillary muscles contract and chordae tendonae which in turn pulls on the cusps to keep them in the closed posistion to prevent back flow.
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what kind of heart valve lies between the ventricles and the large arteries.
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semilunar valves
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which sl valve is on the right side at the base of pulmonary trunk
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pulmonary valve
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which sl valve is at the base of the aorta?
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aortic valve
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what is the structure of the SL valve?
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3 crecent shaped cusps
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(fetus vs. adult) foramen ovale in fetus
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foramen ovalis in adult
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(fetus vs. adult) ductus arteriosus in fetus
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liganientum arteriosum in adult
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both fetal structures allow?
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blood to by pass the underdeveloped lungs oxygenation occurs in th placenta
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fibrous skeleton is composed of what type of tissue?
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dense connective tisue
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(blood flow through the heart)
from the left ventricle to the body to the right atrium |
systemic ciruclation
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(blood flow through the heart)
from the right ventricle to the lungs to the left atrium |
pulmonary circulation
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from the lungs through the left side of the heart to the body
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oxygenated ciruclation
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from the body through the right side of the body to the lungs
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deoxygenated circulation
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pace maker mass of specialized myocardial cells, located in the upper right atrium, initiates heart beat
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sinoatrial node
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how many heart beats per minute
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70-80
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myocardial cells linking the sa and av valves
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intermedial pathway
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mass of specialized myocardial cells, located in lower left corner of right atrium receives sa signal delays it for .1 sec and then sends the signal on
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atrioventricular node
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cable of myocardial cells in the interventricular septum
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atriventricular bundle
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two branches of the av bundle
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bundle branches
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carries the contraction signal to the ventricular muscle , contractin begins at hearts apex and travels superiorly
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purkinje fibers
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this node determines the hearts rate of contraction
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SA node
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which nervous system increases the heart rate?
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Sympathetic ANS
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what is the source fr the the sympathetc ANS?
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Medulla's cardioacceleratory center
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What is the pathway for the sympathetic ANS?
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Cervicle and upper thoracic chain ganglia
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What is the innervation for the sympathetic ANS?
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SA and AV nodes, cornoary arteries, and cardiac musculature
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what is the the neurotransmitter for the Sympathetic ANS?
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Norepinephrine
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whihc ANS decreases heart rate
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Parasympathetic
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what is the source for the Parasympathetic ANS
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Mdulla's cardioinhibitory center
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what is the pathway for the parasympathetic ANS
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Vagus nerve
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What is the innervation for the parasympathetic ANS?
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SA and AV nerves and coronary arteries
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What is the Neurotransmitter for the Parasympathetic ANS?
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Acetycholine
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action current?
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Movement of ions across the plasma membrane
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eletrocardiograph?
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Instrument that measures and records the hearts action current
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EKG or ECG recording of hearts action current (chemo electrical activity)?
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Electrocardiogram
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depolarization of the atria, impusles from SA node Spreads over atrial muscle and to AV node, casue atrial contraction
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P wave
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Depolarizaiotion ofventricles, Impulse passes throuh AV bundle, etc. to the ventricular muscle, vntricular contraction
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QRS complex
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Repolarization of the ventricles
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T wave
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Period of relaxation and filing
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Diastole
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Period of contraction
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systole
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Period of filling and relaxation for the entire heart
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Quiescent period
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.8 sec
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entire cardia cycle occurs
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Intstrumet used to hear body soudns
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Stethescope
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cosing of the AV valves during ventricular systole, low pitched
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Lub
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Closing of SL valve during ventricular diastole, higher pitched sound
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dup
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Detected as heart murmurs
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vavular heart disease
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backflow through an incompletely closed valve, produes a distinctive "blowing sound" after valve closure
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Incomptent valves
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incompletely open valve narrowed valve opening, stenosis of the aortic SL valve produces a distinctive "click" during ventruicular systole
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Stenotic Valve
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caused by atherosclerosis produces ischemia, lack of blood supply
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Coronary artery disease
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thoracic pain caused by inadequate oxygenation of cardia cells weakend cells
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Angia Pectoris
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Heart attack, destruction of the myocardium death occurs almost immediately in 1/3 cases
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Myocardial infarction
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Progressive weakening of the heart
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heart filure
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rapid atrial heart rate (300-500) atria quiver
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Atrial fibrillation
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rapid ventricular heart rate, little or no blood leaves the heart and ciruclation stops
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Ventricular fibrillation
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fast heart rate of 200-300 bpm
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ventricular tachycardia
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Opening in the interventricular septum, oxygenated and deoxygenated blood mix, cyanotic individual
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Ventricular sepatl defect
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failure of the foramen ovale to close, blood flows for L. atrim to R. atruim, starain on pulmonary ciruclaino
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Interatrial septal defect
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due to streptococcal bacteria, fever and pain joints and damage to heart valve
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Rheumatic Fever
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Inflammation of parietal and or visceral pericardium, due to bacteria, fungi, or viruses
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pericarditis
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inflammation of myocardium, due to viruses, acteria, or parasites
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myocarditis
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inflammation of endocardium or heart valves, due to bacteria or fungi
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endocarditis
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