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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Heart location
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-Thorax, mediastinum; left of midline.
-Function: self-adjusting muscular double pump; both pumps are concerted. -Fist-sized -Apex points down -Base points up |
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Pericardium
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Covers the heart; has two layers:
-Fibrous -Serous |
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Fibrous Pericardium
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Outer layer of the heart covering
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Serous Pericardium
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Inner layer of the heart covering; in contact w/ epicardium.
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Heart layers
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epicardium
myocardium endocardium |
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epicardium
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external heart layer; continuous with the serous pericardium
-superficial to myocardium |
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myocardium
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MUSCLE layer of the heart; contains blood vessels and nerves.
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endocardium
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inner layer of the heart tissue.
continuous with epithelial layers of attached vessels (great arteries/veins) |
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Heart Chambers
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-Right Atrium
-Right Ventricle -Left Atrium -Left Ventricle |
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Right Atrium input/output
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input: from superior/inferior vena cava
output: to right ventricle via right AV valve (tricuspid) |
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Right Ventrical Input/Output
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Input: Right atrium via AV valve
Output: to pulmonary trunk, via the pulmonary semilunar valve |
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Right Ventrical Input/Output
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Input: Right atrium via AV valve
Output: to pulmonary trunk, via the pulmonary semilunar valve |
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left atrium input/output
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input: pulmonary veins carrying oxygenated blood
output: left ventricle via the left AV valve, tricuspid. |
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Left ventricle input/output
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input: left atrium via left AV valve.
output: aorta to the arch. |
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Left ventricle input/output
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input: left atrium via left AV valve.
output: aorta to the arch. |
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Great Vessels
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Superior/inferior vena cava
Pulmonary Artery Pulmonary Veins (4) |
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Heart Valves
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Right AV - tricuspid
Left AV - bicuspid Pulmonary Semilunar Aortic Semilunar |
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Mitral Valve
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aka, Bicuspid right av valve
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Valve function
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to prevent backflow of blood into the ventricles/valves, but allow it to flow into the intended chamber.
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Bicuspid valve
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Left AV
-3x as thick as right, for strength to push blood through circulation. |
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Function of chordae tendinae and papillary muscles
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when blood fills ventricles it pushes back on the AV valve; papillary muscles tense to prevent the AV valve from opening into the ATRIUM and allow blood to flow back. kind've like a parachute behind a drag-racing car.
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diastole
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period of ventricular relaxtion as blood flows from atria to ventricles;
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systole
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when the AV valves slam shut and ventricular contraction begins to push blood out pulmonary and atrial semilunar valves.
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Heart Septa
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interatrial
interventricular |
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interatrial septum
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connective tissue that seperates the left/right atria
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interventricular septum
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division between the ventricles.
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Heart Sulci
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Coronary
Interventricular |
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Coronary Sulcus
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superficial line that divides the atria from the ventricles. a "deep groove, boundary." vessels run within
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interventricular sulcus
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-Anterior
-Posterior deep groove/boundary dividing the ventricles from a superficial view. |
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Trabeculae carnae
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muscles within the ventricular walls.
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papillary muscles
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attach to the ventricular walls; yank on chordae tendinae during ventricular contraction.
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chordae tendinae
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HEARTSTRINGS; attach to papillar muscles; passively restrain the valves so that when closed they won't blow open by blood trying to reenter atria
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Fossa ovalis
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an opening in fetal life between the atria; allows blood to bypass pulmonary circulation.
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Ligamentum arteriosum
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remnant of a fetal vessel; attaches the pulmonary trunk to the aortic arch
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Coronary Circulation
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supplies blood to the muscle tissue of the heart.
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Coronary arteries
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originate within aortic sinus, at base of ascending aorta; first branches, the best blood, highest blood pressure.
Emerge from the aortic arch as its first branches |
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left coronary artery
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emerges from left aorta (of patient)
-runs within left coronary sulcus Branch: LAD, anterior interventricular artery |
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LAD
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left anterior descending artery
-branch of left coronary artery -runs within the interventricular sulcus; aka, anterior interventricular artery |
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circumflex artery
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-branch of left common carotid;
-runs within the coronary sulcus, then descends on posterior left side of heart. |
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right coronary artery
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emerges from right aorta side
-runs within right coronary sulcus Branches: -posterior interventricular artery -marginal artery |
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posterior interventricular artery
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branch (after marginal) of right coronary artery;
-runs within interventricular sulcus of heart. aka, posterior descending artery (as opposed to LAD) |
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marginal artery
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branch of right coronary artery
-runs down right side of heart around apex. |
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Veins of the heart
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-great cardiac vein
-middle cardiac vein -coronary sinus |
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great cardiac vein
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runs within interventricular sulcus with LAD artery; returns blood to the coronary sinus
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middle cardiac vein
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runs with posterior interventricular artery in interventricular sulcus;
returns blood to coronary sinus |
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coronary sinus
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recieves blood from the great and middle cardiac veins (they actually join and become the sinus), returns to the right atrium. opens into right atrium just below fossa ovalis.
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