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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Characteristics of Healthy Gingiva |
Colour: - Coral pink (keep in mind melanin) - Varies due to vascular supply Size: - Mustn't be enlarged Shape & Contour: - Knife-edged papillae - Interdental spaces should be filled - Varies according to alignment Texture (when dried): - Stippling - Orange peel appearance - Matte Consistency: - Free gingiva firm, not soft & spongy - Attached gingiva, tight & firm Sulcus Depth: - 1 to 3 mm - Sulcular epithelium not ulcerated - No bleeding on probing |
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Characteristics of Diseased Gingiva |
Colour: - Redness - May become bluish Size: - Swelling - Varies due to vascular stagnation & tissue proliferation Shape & Contour: - Rounded - Interdental papillae swelling - Interdental papillae blunted - No longer knife-edged Texture: - Loss of stippling - Shiny appearance Consistency: - Soft & spongy - May be firm due to fibrotic tissue Bleeding: - When probing - When brushing & flossing |
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Necrotising Ulcerative Gingivitis ANUG |
Causes: - Stress, lifestyle, chronic conditions - HIV, immuno-compromised - Spirochetes & gram neg bacteria - Bacteria invades soft tissue
Clinical Signs: - Necrotic, crater-like papillae - Red, swollen gingiva - Spontaneous bleeding - Membrane covering necrosis (pseudo membrane) - Halitosis - Painful - Lymphadenopathy
Treatment: - Ohe & Ohi - Debridement with anaesthetic (topical or local) - Systemic antibiotics (400mg Metranidazole 8hrly, 5days) - Chlorhexidine rinse - Analgesics
TREATMENT PLANNING: First Visit: - History (med, dent, social) - Ohe, Ohi - Gross scale with topical or quadrant scale with local - Prescriptions
Second Visit: - 1-2 days later - Fine scale - Reinforce oh
Third Visit: - Few days later - Polish (remove all plaque) - Assess pi & gi - Reinforce oh
Follow - Up - 3 monthly - Debridement - Reinforce oh |
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Signs of Gingivitis |
1. Inflammation of gingiva 2. Red, puffy, shiny, loss of stippling 3. Bleeding on probing 4. Probing depth 1-3mm 5. No boneloss 6. No recession |
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Signs of Periodontitis |
1. Inflammation of gingiva & supporting structures 2. Red, puffy, shiny, loss of stippling 3. Supra & subgingival calculus 4. Bleeding on probing 5. Probing depth +4mm 6. Boneloss 7. Recession (may have sensitivity) 8. Tooth mobility & drifting |
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Functions of Periodontal Pack |
1. Holds flap in place 2. Mobilises teeth 3. Reduce pain & infection 4. Protects during eating & drinking 5. Protects new formed tissue |
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Periodontal Flap Surgery |
What it is: When tissue is moved away from bone & roots.
Procedure: - Scale - Root planing - Reshape / contour bone (remove/add) - Place periodontal pack |
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Advantages of Lasers in Dentistry |
1. Reduces bleeding 2. Dry surgical field 3. Less trauma 4. Less post-op swelling & scaring 5. Quicker procedures 6. Fast healing |
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Treatment of Gingivitis & Periodontitis |
Gingivitis: 1. Ohe & Ohi 2. Scale & Polish (remove calculus & stains) 3. Recall appointments 6 monthly Periodontitis: 1. Ohe & Ohi 2. Scaling (remove calculus) 3. Root planing (smoothen root) 4. Polish (remove soft deposits & stains) 5. Recall every 3-6 months |
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Post-op Instructions for Scaling |
1. Discomfort (painkillers if necessary) 2. Diet (avoid spicy & citrus food) 3. Smoking (avoid, reduces healing) 4. Ohe & Ohi (determines success & achieves goal) |
