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137 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Urinary System Composed of....
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Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, urinary meatus
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Purpose of Urinary System
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Filters nitrogenous waste from the blood and excretes them in urine; maintains balanced body fluids; secretes substances; degrades and eliminates hormones
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Purpose of Kidneys (Maintain Balanced Body Fluids)
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Water, acids, electrolytes (sodium and potassium)
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Purpose of Kidneys: Secrete
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Renin; erythropoeitin; vitamin D
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Erythropoeitin (EPO)
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Hormone secreted by kidneys; stimulates RBC production in bone marrow to improve oxygen carrying capacity
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Purpose of Kidneys: Degrade and eliminate
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Urine and parathyroid hormone
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ARteriole
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Small artery
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Calyx
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Cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis
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Catheter
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Tube for injecting/removing fluids
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Cortex
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Outer region
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Creatinine
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Nitrogenous waste excreted
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Electrolyte
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Chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water, necessary for functioning of muscles and nerves
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Filtration
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Process by where some substances pass through a filter
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Glomerular Capsule
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Enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus, also called Bowman capsule, collects the material filtered from the blood through the walls of the glomerulus
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Glomerulus
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Tiny ball of capillaries in the kidney
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Hilum
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Depression in an organ where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave
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Kidney
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One of two bean-shaped organs on either side of the backbone in the lumbar region it filters nitrogenous wastes from the bloodstream to form urine
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Meatus
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Opening of canal (exit)
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Medulla
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Inner region of organs
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Nephron
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Combination of glomerulus and renal tubule where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion take place in kidney
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Nitrogenous Waste
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Substance containing N and excreted in urine
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Potassium (K)
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An electrolyte regulated by the kidney so that a proper concentration is maintained within the blood, essential for muscle contraction and conduction of nervous impulses
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Reabsorption
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Process whereby renal tubules return material necessary to the body back into the bloodstream
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Renal Artery
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Blood vessel that carries blood to kidney
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Renal pelvis
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Central collection region in the kidney
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Renal Tubule
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Microscopic tubes in the kidney where urine is formed after filtration
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Renal Vein
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Blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart
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Renin
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Hormone that regulates BP by influencing vasoconstriction
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Sodium
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An electrolyte regulated in the blood and urine by the kidneys needed for proper transmission of nerve impulses, heart activity, and other metabolic functions
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Trigone
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Triangular area in urinary bladder
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Turbid
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Cloudy
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Urea
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Major nitrogenous waste excreted in urine
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Ureter
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One of the two tubes leading from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
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Urethra
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Tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body
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Uric Acid
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Nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine
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Urinary Bladder
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Hollow muscular sac that holds urine
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Urination
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Process of expelling urine; also called micturation
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Urine Production
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Bloodstream --> Glomerulus --> (Filtration) --> Glomerular Capsule --> Renal Tubule --> (urine) --> Renal Pelvis --> Ureter --> Bladder --> Urethra --> Urinary Meatus --> Urine leaves the body
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Cali/o, Calic/o
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Calyx
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Cyst/o
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Urinary bladder
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Glomerul/o
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Glomerulus
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Meat/o
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Meatus
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Nephr/o
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Kidney
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Pyel/o
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Renal pelvis
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Ren/o
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Kidney
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Trigon/o
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Trigone
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Ureter/o
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Ureter
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Urethr/o
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Urethra
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Vesic/o
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Urinary bladder
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Albumin/o
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Albumin
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Azot/o
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Nitrogen
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Bacteri/o
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Bacteria
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Dips/o
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Thirst
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Kal/o
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Potassium
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Ket/o, Keton/o
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Ketone (Acetone and Ketone Acids)
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Lith/o
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Stone
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Natr/o
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Sodium
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Noct/o
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Night
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Olig/o
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Few; scanty
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-poietin
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Substance that forms
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py/o
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Pus
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-tripsy
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Crushing
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Ur/o
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Urine or urea
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Urin/o
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Urine
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-uria
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Urination/Urine condition
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Urinalysis: Color
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Normal = slightly yellow; Water = clear; Brown = Blood
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Urinalysis: Appearance
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Normal = clear; turbid = pus and bacteria (Infection)
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Urinalysis: pH
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Normal = 6.5; Infectious bacteria = more basic
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Urinalysis: Protein
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Normal = small amounts; Albumin = leak in glomerular membrane
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Urinalysis: Glucose
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Glucose + = Diabetes
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Urinalysis: Specific Gravity
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Amounts of waste, minerals --> compare density to water
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Urinalysis: Ketone Bodies
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Form when body breaks down fat in liver
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Urinalysis: Sediment and casts
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Cells, bacteria, crystals = pathological
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Phenylketonuria (PKU)
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Substance that accumulates in infants lacking phenylalanine hydroxylase
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Bilirubin
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Indicates liver or gallbladder disease
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Bladder cancer
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Malignant tumor of the urinary bladder
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Diabetes Insipidus
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ADH is not secreted adequately, or the kidney is resistant to its effect
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Diabetes Mellitus
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Insulin not secreted or used properly
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Glomerulonephritis
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Inflammation fo glomeruli within kidney
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Interstitial Nephritis
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Inflammation of connective tissue between renal tubules
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Nephrolithiasis (Renal Calculi)
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Kidney stones
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Nephrosis/Nephrotic Syndrome
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Group of clinical signs and symptoms caused by excessive protein loss in urine
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Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)
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Multiple cysts within and on the kidney
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Pyelonephritis
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Inflammation of the lining of renal pelvis/parenchyma
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Renal Cell Carcinoma (hypernephroma)
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Cancerous tumor of kidney (adulthood)
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Renal Failure
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Kidney decreases excretion of wastes as a result of impaired filtration function
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Renal Hypertension
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High blood pressure resulting form kidney disease
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Wilms Tumor
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Malignant tumor of kidney --> childhood
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Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
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Measurements of urea levels in blood
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Creatinine Clearnace
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Measurement of rate by which creatinine is cleared by kidneys
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CT Scan
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X-ray images show multiple cross-sectional and other views of organs and tissues
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Cystoscopy
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Direct visualizaiton of the urethra and urinary bladder with an endoscope (cystoscope)
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Dialysis
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Process of separating nitrogenous waste from blood (fake kidneys)
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Kidneys, ureters, and bladder (KUB)
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X-ray exam; no contrast
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Lithotripsy
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Crushing of stones
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MRI
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Changing magnetic field produces images of the kidney and surrounding structures in three planes of the body
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Radioisotope Scan
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Image of kidney, injecting radioisotopes
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Renal Angioplasty
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Dilation fo narrowed areas in renal arteries
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Renal angiography
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X-ray exam with contrast
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Renal Biopsy
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Removal of kidney tissue for microscopic examination
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Renal Transplantation
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Surgical transfer of a kidney from a donor to a recipient
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Retrograde Pyelogram (RP)
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X-ray imaging of renal pelvis and ureter after injection of contrast through a urinary catheter
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Ultrasonography
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Imaging of urinary tract structures using high-frequency sound waves
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Urinary Catheterization
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Passage of a flexible, tubular instrument thorugh the urethra into the urinary bladder
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Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG)
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X-ray with contrast of the urinary bladder and urethra obtained while patient is voiding
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ADH
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Anti-Diuretic Hormone
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ARF
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Acute Renal Failure
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BILI
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Bilirubin
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BUN
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Blood Urea Nitrogen
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CAPD
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Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis
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Cath
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Catheter, Catheterization
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CCPD
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Continuous Cycling Peritoneal Dialysis
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CKD
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Chronic Kidney Disease
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Cl-
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Chloride
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CRCL
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Creatinine Clearance
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CRF
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Chronic Renal Failure
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C&S
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Culture and Sensitivity Testing
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cysto
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Cystoscopic Examination
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ESRD
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End-Stage Renal Disease
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ESWL
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Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithrotripsy
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GFR
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Glomerular Filtration Rate
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HCO3-
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Bicarbonate
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HD
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Hemodialysis
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IC
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Interstitial Castitis
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K+
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Potassium
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KUB
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Kidney, Urethara, and Bladder
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Na+
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Sodium
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PD
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Peritoneal Dialysis
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pH
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Potential Hydrogen
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PKD
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Polycystic Kidney Disease
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PKU
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Phenylketonuria
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PUL
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Percutaneous Ultrasonic Lithotripsy
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RP
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Retrograde Pyelogram
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sp gr
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Specific Gravity
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UA
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Urinalysis
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UTI
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Urinary Tract Infection
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VCUG
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Voiding Cystourethrogram
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