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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1.)name the macronutrients 2.)___provide energy, maintain structure, and provide functional integrity 3.)total of __elements have been found 4.)is the human body made of elements? 5.)the human body is made up of __% nitrogen, __% hydrogen, __%carbon, and __% oxygen |
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins macronutrients 103 yes 3, 10, 18, 65 |
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1.)__are created when two or more atoms re united 2.)__bonds hold molecules together 3.)__are formed when two or more molecules are chemically bonded together 4.)substances display different properties depending upon their atomic ___. (solid, liquid, gas) |
molecules chemical substances arrangement |
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1.)__is a component of all nutrients, except for water and minerals 2.)carbon bonds with hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen to form carbohydrates, __, and proteins 3.)are vitamins carbon based? 4.)what type of carbohydrate has one sugar molecule? two sugar molecules bonded together? combination of 3-9 monosaccharides? combination of 10 thousands or sugar molecules in chains? |
1.)carbon 2.)lipids 3.)yes 4) monosaccharide, disaccharide, oligosaccharide, polysaccharides |
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1.)name the monosaccharides 2.)glucose is also called __, or blood sugar 3.)is glucose used directly by the cell for energy? 4.)glucose is stored as ___in the muscles and liver for later use 5.)glucose is converted to __ and stored for energy |
1.)glucose, fructose, galactose. (all are C6H12O6, but each has a unique atomic arrangement giving them different biochemical characterisitics) 2.)dextrose 3.)yes 4.)glycogen 5.)fat |
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1.)fructose is also called __or fruit sugar 2.)the __converts fructose to glucose 3.)galactose forms milk sugar called ___ 4.)does the body convert galactose to glucose for energy metabolism? 5.)does combining two monosaccharide molecules form a disaccharide? |
levulose liver lactose yes yes |
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1.)glucose + fructose = ___ 2.)glucose + galactose =___ 3.)glucose + glucose = __ 4.)are polysacharides classifid into plant and animal categories? 5.)__bonds link monosaccharides together to form polysaccharides |
sucrose lactose maltose yes glycosidic |
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1.)__and __ are two common forms of plant polysaccharides 2.)___starch accounts for approximately 50% of the total carbohydrate intake of americans 3.)the term "complex carbohydrate"commonly refers to __starch 4.)do fibrous materials resist hydrolysis by human digestive enzymes? |
starch, fiber plant dietary yes |
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1.)do fibers differ widely in physical and chemical characteristics? 2.)__retains considerable water and thus gives "bulk" to the food residues in the intestines and binds or dilutes harmful chemicals. 3.)__shortens transit time for food residues (and possibly carcinogenic materials) to pass through the digestive tract |
yes fiber fiber |
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1.)__is the storage polysaccharide found in mammalian muscle and liver 2.)glycogen is synthesized from glucose during ___ 3.)___is the reconversion process, it provides a rapid extra muscular glucose supply 4.)__enables peripheral tissues to take up glucose |
glycogen glucogenesis glycogenolysis insulin |
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1.)do hormones help to regulate blood sugar levels? 2.)__stimulates liver glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis to raise blood gluose concentration 3.)is it true that high blood glucose may occur from consuming many foods with a high glycemic load and may occur due to insulin resistance, insulin deficiency, or both, and result in type 2 diabetes
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yes glucagon yes |
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1.)adequate carbohydrate intake preserves tissue __ 2.)is a role of a carbohydrate being a metabolic primer and preventing ketosis 3.)carbohydrates are fuel for what system along with red blood cells 4.)__is a condition in which an individual has low blood levels of sugar, can result in weakness, hunger, and dizziness and it impairs exercise performance |
proteins yes central nervous system hypoglycemia |
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1.)can prolonged and profound hypoglycemia result in loss of consciousness and brain damage? 2.)__is a general term for a heterogeneous group of compounds (oils, fats, waxes) 3.)lipid molecules contain the same structural elements as ___ 4.)three main groups of lipids |
yes lipids carbohydrates simple, compound, derived |
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1.)__lipids are neutral fats, consist primarily of triacylglycerols, and is a major storage form of fat in adipose cells 2.)___lipids consist of a triacylglycerol molecule combines with other chemicals 3.)__lipids are formed from simple and compound lipids, contain hydrocarbon rings (cholesterol) |
simple compound derived |
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1.)___is a 3-carbon alcohol molecule 2.)three clusters of carbon-chained atoms, termed fatty acids, attach to the glycerol molecule to form a __ 3.)__fatty acids contain only single covalent bonds between carbon atoms, all of the remaining bonds attach to hydrogen 4.)__fatty acids contain one or more double bonds along the main carbon chain |
glycerol triglyceride saturated unsaturated |
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1.)__fatty acids contain one double bond, while __fatty acids contain two or more double bonds. 2.)__exist as liquid and contain unsaturated fatty acids 3.)__ family of fatty acids are oils that are characterized by the presence of a double bond three carbons from the "n" end of the molecule 4.)typically daily lipid intake should be __% animal lipids, and __% vegetable lipids |
monounsaturated, polyunsaturated oils omega-3 66, 34 |
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1.)average saturated fat consumption should be __% of total calories 2.)saturated fat increased the risk of what? 3.)linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, and oleic acid are fatty acids that the body cannot do what to? 4.)oleic acid is a major omega__ fatty acid while linoleic acid is an omega ___ polyunsaturated fatty acid |
15 coronary heart disease synthesize 9, 6 |
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1.)do fish oils have an antiarrhythmic effect on myocardial tissue? 2.)do all fats contain a mix of each fatty acid type, although fatty acids predominate in certain lipid sources? 3.)__are one or more fatty acids, a phosphorus containing group, and a nitrogenous base 4.)__are fatty acids bound with carbohydrate and nitrogen |
yes yes phospholipids glycolipids |
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1.)__are proteins joined with triacylglycerols or phospholipids 2.)__contains more protein and less lipid an cholesterol than the other lipoproteins 3.)__contains the greatest percentage of lipid, primarily triacylglycerol 4.)__contain the highest percentage of cholesterol |
lipoproteins HDL VLDL LDL |
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1.)do derived lipids have hydrocarbon rings? 2.)do LDL's have the greatest affinity for cells of arterial wall? 3.)roles of __ include :provide energy, protect vital organs, provide insulation from the cold, transport the fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K 4.)proteins are formed from what? |
yes yes lipids amino acids |
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1.)each amino acid has an __group(NH2) and an __group (COOH), the remainder of the molecule is called the side chain 2.)the side chaines unique structure dictates the amino acids particular __ 3.)__bonds link amino acids in chains that take on diverse forms and chemical combinations 4.)the body requires __different amino acids |
amine, acid characteristics peptide 20 |
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1.)what are the building blocks of proteins? 2.)the body cannot synthesize __amino acids, so they must be ingested in foods, they are known are essential amino acids 3.)isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine are the __amino acids |
amino acids 8 essential amino acids |
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1.)__proteins contain the essential amino acids in the quantity and correct ratio to maintain nitrogen balance and allow for tissue growth and repair, while an __protein lacks one or more essential amino acid 2.)do proteins in nervous and connective tissue generally participate in energy metabolism? 3.)the amino acid __plays a key role in providing carbohydrate fuel via gluconeogenesis during prolonged exercise |
complete, incomplete no alaine |
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1.)during strenuous exercise of long duration, does the alaine-glucose cycle account for up to 40%-50% of the livers glucose release? 2.)protein catabolism accelerates during exercise as __reserves deplete 3.)athletes who train vigorously must maintain optimal levels of muscle and liver __to minimize lean tissue loss and deterioration in performance |
yes carbohydrate glycogen |
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1.)does regular exercise training enhance the livers capacity to synthesize glucose from the carbon skeletons of noncarbohydrate compounds? |
yes |
