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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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includes the bones in your head, your breastbone, your ribs, and the bones in your backbone
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Axial Skeleton
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all the other bones in your body
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Appendicular Skeleton
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the thick, hard part of the skull that encloses the brain and protects it
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Cranium
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the 33 bones that make up the spinal column
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Vertebrae
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tough, supportive tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone that separates individual vertebrae from each other
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Cartilage
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the point at which two bones come together
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Joint
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strong, fibrous bands that hold bones together at movable joints and prevent them from popping apart
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Ligaments
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the fluid secreted by membranes around a joint that lubricates the joint and reduces wear on the bones
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Synovial Fluid
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the tough membrane that covers bones and contains cells that form new bone during growth and repair
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Periosteum
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the soft tissue that fills the spaces inside bones
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Marrow
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the process by which cartilage is replaced by bone
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Ossification
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a break in a bone
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Fracture
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when the ends of the bones are forced out of their normal positions in a joint
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Dislocation
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consists of overstretched or torn ligaments or tendons
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Sprain
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a serious damage to the cartilage that covers the ends of bones in a joint
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Torn Cartilage
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a painful irritation of a bursa (a fluid-filled sac that cushions certain joints and tendons)
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Bursitis
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when the joints become painful and swollen
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Arthritis
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an abnormal curvature of the spine
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Scoliosis
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a condition in which bones become weak and break easily
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Osteoporosis
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voluntary muscle attached to the bones of the skeleton
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Skeletal Muscle
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thick strands of connective tissue that attaches muscles to bones
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Tendons
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involuntary muscle that works automatically to control movements inside the body such as those involved in breathing and digestion
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Smooth Muscle
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involuntary muscle found only in the heart
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Cardiac Muscle
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the slight, constant contraction of a muscle that is due to the contraction of some of its fibers
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Muscle Tone
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a waste product that sometimes accumulates in muscles after very intense exercise
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Lactic Acid
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a painful irritation of a tendon
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Tendonitis
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a condition in which the muscles gradually become weaker and weaker because the muscle fibers are slowly destroyed
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Muscular Dystrophy
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the basic cell of the nervous system
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Neuron
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short, branching fibers that carry nerve impulses toward the cell body
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Dendrites
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long, thin fiber that carries impulses away from the cell body
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Axon
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a fatty material that insulates the axon and increases the speed at which an impulse travels
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Myelin
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the space between an axon and the structure with which the neuron communicates
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Synapse
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pick up information about your external and internal environment from your sense organs and your body
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Sensory Neurons
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send impulses to your muscles and glands, causing them to react
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Motor Neurons
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pass impulses from one neuron to another and are located only in the brain and spinal cord
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Interneurons
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the brain and spinal cord
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Central Nervous System
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all the nerves that connect the brain and spinal cord to other parts of the body
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Peripheral Nervous System
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a moist, spongy organ that is made of billions of neurons that control almost everything you do and experience
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Brain
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three layers of membranes that cover the brain and give it further protection
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Meninges
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a liquid found between the middle and inner meninges and in certain spaces within the brain and spinal cord
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Cerebrospinal Fluid
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large upper region of the brain
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Cerebrum
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coordinates the contraction of your muscles
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Cerebellum
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the area of the brain below the cerebellum at the base of the skull, it controls heartbeat, breathing, and blood pressure
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Brainstem
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a relay station or the senses, receiving impulses from sense organs and modifying them before they reach the cerebrum
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Thalamus
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regulates body temperature, sleep, water balance, and blood pressure
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Hypothalamus
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nerve tissue that extends from the brain down the back to just below the ribs
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Spinal Cord
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12 pairs of nerves that emerge from the brain
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Cranial Nerves
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31 pairs of nerves that branch off from the spinal cord, passing through openings in the vertebrae
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Spinal Nerves
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responsible for actions that you can control
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Somatic Nervous System
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regulates actions that happen automatically, without your thinking about them; heartbeat/breathing rate/digestion
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Automatic Nervous System
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an automatic response of the nervous system to the environment
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Reflex
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a short loss of consciousness following a severe bump to the head, during which the soft brain tissue comes into contact with the skull
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Concussion
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a prolonged period of deep unconsciousness
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Coma
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the loss of the ability to move some part of the body
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Paralysis
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paralysis of the body from the neck down, including the arms and legs
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Quadriplegia
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paralysis of the lower body and legs, usually the effect of an injuring to the lower part of the spinal cord
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Paraplegia
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an inflammation of the meninges of the brain and spinal cord
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Meningitis
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an infection of the central nervous system that, if left untreated, is fatal
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Rabies
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especially severe headaches that usually last a long time
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Migraine Headaches
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nervous system damage that occurs before, during, or shortly after a birth
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Cerebral Palsy
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a condition caused when the impulses produced by the brain become disturbed
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Epilepsy
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the result of a sudden storm of brain activity
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Seizure
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a condition in which patches of myelin are slowly destroyed
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Multiple Sclerosis
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